Depuis 2013, nous recueillons des t\u00e9moignages de magistrats parvenus au terme de leur carri\u00e8re, conform\u00e9ment aux statuts de l\u2019AFHJ qui lui donne mission d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019histoire de la justice et de ses professions. Peu \u00e0 peu s\u2019est constitu\u00e9 un patrimoine m\u00e9moriel qui exprime la m\u00e9moire vivante d\u2019une profession \u00e0 partir des paroles recueillies. Cette \u00e9coute des voix ou \u00ab archives orales \u00bb permet une compr\u00e9hension intime des normes, des valeurs et des repr\u00e9sentations partag\u00e9es dans ce milieu. Le but n\u2019est pas de pr\u00e9senter une histoire de la justice au vu des grandes \u00e9volutions l\u00e9gislatives et des \u00e9v\u00e8nements politiques, mais de saisir ce que les textes et les archives ne montrent pas : les relations entre les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, les formes de solidarit\u00e9s, les exp\u00e9riences concr\u00e8tes et les transformations silencieuses d\u2019une profession au travail.
\u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence de notre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent rapport (2019), qui pr\u00e9sentait des magistrats ayant connu la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la IV\u00e8me R\u00e9publique ou la p\u00e9riode gaullienne, nous avons ici une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration post\u00e9rieure (personnes n\u00e9es entre 1938 et 1954). Notre corpus est en effet constitu\u00e9 de magistrats ayant accompli leur carri\u00e8re entre les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 2010. Sa particularit\u00e9 est d\u2019avoir rompu par \u00e9tapes successives avec une identit\u00e9 h\u00e9rit\u00e9e de l\u2019histoire de la magistrature con\u00e7ue comme une administration judiciaire telle que notre Etat nous l\u2019a l\u00e9gu\u00e9e. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019un esprit de corps in\u00e9dit est n\u00e9 dans cette profession autour de valeurs de l\u2019Etat de droit port\u00e9 par une volont\u00e9 de s\u2019imposer collectivement. En avan\u00e7ant dans nos travaux, nous avons ressenti \u00e0 travers les t\u00e9moignages recueillis cette volont\u00e9 de rupture. On a pu mieux mesurer combien l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des nouveaux venus dans les tribunaux avait boulevers\u00e9 les routines de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, comment il a fallu gagner chaque pouce de terrain sur les vieilles pratiques et quel tr\u00e9sor de talents, de patience et d\u2019\u00e9nergie furent n\u00e9cessaires pour avancer dans cette voie. Dans ce processus, le concours r\u00e9publicain, le passage par l\u2019Ecole de la magistrature et l\u2019affiliation syndicale ont donn\u00e9 un \u00e9lan d\u00e9cisif \u00e0 cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui a profond\u00e9ment chang\u00e9 la culture judiciaire.
Cette construction progressive d\u2019un corps judiciaire reconfigure les fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019Etat et, fort des valeurs qu\u2019il incarne, veut occuper la place qui lui revient malgr\u00e9 l\u2019opposition qu\u2019il suscite. Ainsi, en \u00e9crivant une histoire \u00ab par le bas \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire au niveau des pratiques et des parcours individuels, nous posons l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se de la naissance d\u2019un groupe professionnel. Il n\u2019est pas excessif de dire que dans cette p\u00e9riode, en l\u2019espace de deux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, ce corps a plus chang\u00e9 qu\u2019en deux si\u00e8cles, compte tenu de la place qu\u2019il a pris dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique.
Portant sur le t\u00e9moignage de douze magistrats et magistrates ayant accompli leur carri\u00e8re entre les ann\u00e9es 1970 et 2010, le second volet des \u00ab Archives orales des magistrats \u00bb montre comment l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de ces nouveaux magistrat\u2219es issus du concours et form\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019ENM a boulevers\u00e9 les routines de la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, comment ces hommes et ces femmes investies ont profond\u00e9ment chang\u00e9 la culture judiciaire. Le rapport explore la construction progressive d\u2019un corps judiciaire qui reconfigure les fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019Etat et, fort des valeurs qu\u2019il incarne, veut occuper la place qui lui revient malgr\u00e9 l\u2019opposition qu\u2019il suscite. Il livre ainsi une histoire des pratiques et des parcours individuels, une histoire de la naissance d\u2019un groupe professionnel prenant place dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9
d\u00e9mocratique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Since 2013, we have been collecting testimonies from magistrates who have reached the end of their careers in accordance with the AFHJ’s statutes, which give it the mission of studying the history of justice and its professions. Little by little, a memorial heritage has been built up which expresses the living memory of a profession based on the words collected. Listening to these voices or “oral archives” allows an intimate understanding of the norms, values and representations shared in this environment. The aim is not to present a history of justice in the light of major legislative developments and political events, but to grasp what the texts and archives do not show: relations between generations, forms of solidarity, concrete experiences and the silent transformations of a profession at work. Unlike our previous report (2019), which presented magistrates who lived through the Second World War, the Fourth Republic or the Gaullist period, here we have a later generation (people born between 1938 and 1954). Our corpus is made up of magistrates who completed their careers between 1970 and 2010.
Its particularity is that it has broken away in successive stages from an identity inherited from the history of the judiciary, which was conceived as a judicial administration as bequeathed to us by our State. This is how an unprecedented esprit de corps was born in this profession around the values of the rule of law, driven by a desire to impose itself collectively. As our work progressed, we felt this desire to break with the past through the testimonies we gathered. We were better able to measure the extent to which the arrival of newcomers in the courts had upset the routines of the previous generation, how every inch of ground had to be gained over the old practices and what a treasure trove of talent, patience and energy was needed to move forward in this way. In this process, the republican competitive examination, the passage through the Ecole de la magistrature and union membership gave a decisive impetus to this generation, which profoundly changed the judicial culture. This gradual construction of a judicial body reconfigures the boundaries of the State and, strengthened by the values it embodies, wants to take its rightful place despite the opposition it arouses. Thus, by writing a history ‘from below’, i.e. at the level of individual practices and career paths, we hypothesise the birth of a professional group. It is not excessive to say that in this period, in the space of two generations, this body has changed more than in two centuries, given the place it has taken in democratic society.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[93],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[2858,959,17,30,296,1628],"auteurs":[204,304],"class_list":["post-10357","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-histoire","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-archives-orales","publication_tag-carrieres","publication_tag-juge","publication_tag-magistrats","publication_tag-memoire-judiciaire","publication_tag-procureur","auteurs-denis-salas","auteurs-sylvie-humbert"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n