{"id":13418,"date":"2024-07-31T09:15:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T07:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&#038;p=13418"},"modified":"2025-07-15T11:18:32","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T09:18:32","slug":"les-proces-des-attentats-de-2015-2016-en-france-analyse-ethnographique-comparative-et-memorielle","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/en\/publications\/les-proces-des-attentats-de-2015-2016-en-france-analyse-ethnographique-comparative-et-memorielle\/","title":{"rendered":"Les proc\u00e8s des attentats de 2015-2016 en France. Analyse ethnographique, comparative et m\u00e9morielle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De 2020 \u00e0 2023, se sont tenus en France, mais aussi en Belgique les proc\u00e8s des attentats terroristes de 2015-2016 \u00e0 Paris et Nice, ainsi que ceux de Bruxelles de 2016. Qualifi\u00e9s d\u2019historiques, ils se r\u00e9f\u00e8rent \u00e0 des faits matriciels et n\u00e9cessitent des \u00e9quipements sp\u00e9cifiques, un nombre important d\u2019acteurs judiciaires et de parties civiles et la captation int\u00e9grale, pour la France, des audiences pour cr\u00e9er des archives audiovisuelles historiques de la Justice. Aussi ont-ils \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019embl\u00e9e pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme porteurs d\u2019enjeux politiques, juridiques et m\u00e9moriels. Dans ce contexte, la recherche, ainsi formul\u00e9e dans son titre Les proc\u00e8s des attentats de 2015-2016 en France. Analyse ethnographique, comparative et m\u00e9morielle, est abord\u00e9e selon une double approche. D\u2019un point de vue interne, elle met en lumi\u00e8re les relations entre les acteurs professionnels ou non dans les salles d&#8217;audience et les enjeux de qualification au sein des instances judicaires. Selon un point de vue externe, elle donne un aper\u00e7u de la r\u00e9sonnance d\u2019audiences tr\u00e8s suivies par la presse et les r\u00e9seaux num\u00e9riques tout en offrant des points de comparaison avec les syst\u00e8mes \u00e9trangers. Cette recherche se compose de cinq axes. Le premier replace ces proc\u00e8s dans un continuum historique allant du XIXe si\u00e8cle au XXIe, riche d\u2019enseignements sur leur place exacte dans la politique judiciaire en mati\u00e8re de terrorisme. Le deuxi\u00e8me axe propose une observation participative quotidienne de l\u2019attitude et des interactions entre participants aux proc\u00e8s, les magistrats, les accus\u00e9s, les avocats, les t\u00e9moins, les familles des accus\u00e9s, dans le d\u00e9roulement m\u00eame du proc\u00e8s, mais aussi dans le off des palais. \u00c0 l\u2019ethnographie des audiences se sont ajout\u00e9s des entretiens formels ou informels avec les protagonistes. En troisi\u00e8me lieu, la r\u00e9ception des proc\u00e8s dans l\u2019espace public est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment indispensable pour \u00e9valuer les repr\u00e9sentations de la justice \u00e0 travers la presse en ligne, les tweets et Wikipedia, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un double partenariat, d\u2019une part avec la Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France et l\u2019Institut national de l\u2019Audiovisuel, pour la mise \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques, et d\u2019autre part avec une \u00e9quipe de s\u00e9mioticiens de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, sp\u00e9cialistes du traitement des donn\u00e9es de masse des m\u00e9dias en ligne. Le quatri\u00e8me axe aborde et donne \u00e0 comprendre l\u2019enregistrement des archives audiovisuelles de la Justice, objet de prises de positions, r\u00e9interrogeant la notion de \u00ab proc\u00e8s film\u00e9s pour l\u2019Histoire \u00bb. Enfin, dernier axe, une analyse comparative est conduite sur le traitement juridique du terrorisme. La premi\u00e8re approche applique, in-situ, la m\u00e9thodologie mise en \u0153uvre sur les proc\u00e8s fran\u00e7ais, au proc\u00e8s de Bruxelles (2022-2023). Le proc\u00e8s de Madrid (2007), objet d\u2019une seconde approche, permet de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir a posteriori sur le processus m\u00e9moriel du fait des audiences film\u00e9es et largement diffus\u00e9es sur YouTube et les r\u00e9seaux sociaux espagnols. Les r\u00e9sultats obtenus par le projet de recherche portent sur la transformation du rituel judiciaire, les strat\u00e9gies des acteurs, la r\u00e9ception du proc\u00e8s dans l\u2019espace public, la port\u00e9e limit\u00e9e des archives audiovisuelles de la Justice et la comparaison d\u2019instances portant sur des faits similaires. Le rapport final souligne l\u2019\u00e9volution des concepts du contentieux antiterroriste, la sp\u00e9cialisation des acteurs judiciaires, et notamment la figure du parquet national antiterroriste ainsi que l\u2019abandon de la d\u00e9fense de rupture. La mobilisation d\u2019une \u00e9quipe multidisciplinaire a permis en outre d\u2019observer, mais aussi d\u2019interroger les acteurs judiciaires et de produire une connaissance portant sur la transformation des ethos professionnels, l\u2019impact des audiences sur les acteurs non-professionnels, les pratiques judiciaires en mutation sous l\u2019influence de la justice restaurative. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces analyses et les r\u00e9sultats produits le temps de la recherche conduisent le projet \u00e0 \u00e9largir des conclusions pour \u00eatre force de propositions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-e75d84fe-7efd-4164-9a08-a1709e10123a\" href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2024\/07\/20.13_Proces_attentats_synthese.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20.13_Proces_attentats_synthese<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2024\/07\/20.13_Proces_attentats_synthese.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-e75d84fe-7efd-4164-9a08-a1709e10123a\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-99bf91e3-ff1d-4f56-b17b-fe86d2ea8a47\" href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2024\/07\/20.13_Proces_attentats_rapport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20.13_Proces_attentats_rapport<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2024\/07\/20.13_Proces_attentats_rapport.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-99bf91e3-ff1d-4f56-b17b-fe86d2ea8a47\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais <\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Between 2020 and 2023, trials were held in France and Belgium for the 2015-2016 terrorist attacks in Paris and Nice, as well as those in Brussels in 2016. Described as historic, these trials are based on a matrix of events, they require a specific set of equipment, a large number of judicial actors and civil parties, and, in the case of France, full coverage of the hearings in order to create a historical audiovisual archive of the justice system. From the outset, therefore, they have been presented as raising political, legal and memory issues. In this context, the research, as formulated in its title Les proc\u00e8s des attentats de 2015-2016 en France. At the same time ethnographic, comparative and memorial, the analysis is approached from two angles. From an internal point of view, it sheds light on the relationships between professional and non-professional actors in courtrooms and the qualification issues within judicial bodies. From an external perspective, it provides an overview of the resonance of hearings that are closely followed by the press and digital networks, while providing elements of comparison with foreign systems. This research is divided into five sections. The first places these trials in a historical continuum stretching from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first, providing rich information on their exact status in judicial policy on terrorism. The second involves daily observation of the attitudes and interactions of trial participants &#8211; magistrates, defendants, lawyers, witnesses and defendants&#8217; families &#8211; both during the trial itself and in the courtrooms. The ethnography of the hearings was supplemented by formal and informal interviews with the protagonists. Thirdly, the reception of trials in the public arena is an essential element in assessing representations of justice through the online press, tweets and Wikipedia, thanks to a twofold partnership: with the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France and the Institut national de l&#8217;Audiovisuel, for making digital data available, and with a team of semioticians from the Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, who specialise in processing mass data from the online media. The fourth section concentrates on and explains the recording of audiovisual archives of the judiciary, which has been the subject matter of a number of positions, reexamining the notion of &#8220;trials filmed for history&#8221;. Finally, a comparative analysis is made of the legal treatment of terrorism. The first approach applies, in situ, the methodology used for the French trials to the Brussels trial (2022- 2023). The Madrid trial (2007), which is the topic of a second approach, provides an opportunity to reflect a posteriori on the memorial process as a result of the hearings being filmed and widely disseminated on YouTube and Spanish social networks. The results obtained by the research project deal with the transformation of the judicial ritual, the strategies of the actors, the reception of the trial in the public arena, the limited scope of the audiovisual archives of the Judiciary and the comparison of cases dealing with similar facts. The final report highlights the evolution of the concepts of anti-terrorist litigation, the specialisation of judicial actors, and in particular the figure of the national anti-terrorist prosecutor&#8217;s office, as well as the abandonment of the \u201cd\u00e9fense de rupture\u201d. The mobilisation of a multidisciplinary team also made it possible to observe and interview the judicial players and to produce a body of knowledge on the transformation of professional ethos, on the impact of hearings on non-professional players, and on changing judicial practices under the influence of restorative justice. These analyses and the results produced during the course of the research will lead the project to broaden its conclusions so as to be able to inspire proposals.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[114,3021,93,621,115],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[2859,788,542,457],"auteurs":[204,3022],"class_list":["post-13418","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-droit","disciplines-ethnographie","disciplines-histoire","disciplines-science-politique","disciplines-sociologie","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-attentats","publication_tag-memoire-collective","publication_tag-proces","publication_tag-terrorisme","auteurs-denis-salas","auteurs-pascal-plas"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les proc\u00e8s des attentats de 2015-2016 en France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Analyse ethnographique, comparative et m\u00e9morielle. 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