La crise financi\u00e8re de 2008 a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 mettre en lumi\u00e8re les limites non seulement de plusieurs dispositifs de gouvernance contenus dans les codes, mais plus fondamentalement de l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 et de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de ces derniers \u00e0 des fins de r\u00e9gulation des comportements des entreprises. La question se pose alors de savoir s\u2019il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable, afin de dissuader les pratiques \u00e0 risque et d\u2019encourager les comportements vertueux des entreprises, de recourir \u00e0 des codes de gouvernance ou de privil\u00e9gier le recours \u00e0 des technologies juridiques alternatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La gouvernance d\u2019entreprise vise l\u2019organisation de la prise de d\u00e9cision et la r\u00e9partition des pouvoirs entre les diff\u00e9rents acteurs et instances de celle-ci. Dans la plupart des pays, les principales dispositions de gouvernance d\u2019entreprise sont r\u00e9unies dans des codes, qui prennent la forme de \u00ab bonnes pratiques \u00bb adress\u00e9es aux op\u00e9rateurs \u00e9conomiques, et le plus souvent produits \u00e0 l\u2019initiative d\u2019agents priv\u00e9s. Ces codes constituent de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale une norme souple, de type soft law<\/em>, et dont l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 repose essentiellement sur la discipline de march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\nL\u2019objectif de la recherche est d\u2019analyser en quoi les codes de gouvernance, compte tenu de la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 des acteurs qui en sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine, de leur contenu, de leur mode de production, de mise en \u0153uvre et d\u2019effectivit\u00e9 constituent un instrument juridique original, remplissant une fonction sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de nos cadres juridiques, tout en pr\u00e9sentant certaines limites li\u00e9es, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, \u00e0 leur originalit\u00e9. Articulant la double perspective des sciences juridiques et \u00e9conomiques, la recherche a pour point de d\u00e9part une interrogation : comment rendre les codes de gouvernance efficaces, et avec ou pour quelle finalit\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La probl\u00e9matique est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e selon trois axes de recherche, dont l\u2019originalit\u00e9 est d\u2019articuler les approches \u00e9conomiques et juridiques \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur d\u2019un m\u00eame cadre d\u2019analyse. Le premier axe <\/strong>\u00e9tablit une cartographie des codes de gouvernance et met en \u00e9vidence la communaut\u00e9 de th\u00e8mes, vocabulaire et pr\u00e9occupations irriguant l\u2019ensemble des codes, en m\u00eame temps que la diversit\u00e9 nationale ou locale les caract\u00e9risant. Le deuxi\u00e8me axe de la recherche<\/strong> porte sur l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des codes, entendue comme leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 assurer la conformit\u00e9 des comportements r\u00e9els des entreprises aux dispositions du code. Plusieurs explications sont propos\u00e9es face au constat de l\u2019ineffectivit\u00e9 relative des codes et certaines voies sont envisag\u00e9es en vue d\u2019une meilleure effectivit\u00e9. Le principe du comply or explain <\/em>est analys\u00e9 dans ce cadre. Le troisi\u00e8me axe de recherche<\/strong> s\u2019emploie \u00e0 mieux cerner la place des codes de gouvernance et leur sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 parmi les autres outils de gouvernement d\u2019entreprise et d\u00e9veloppe une r\u00e9flexion quant \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des codes de gouvernance \u00e0 contribuer aux \u00e9volutions des finalit\u00e9s de la gouvernance d\u2019entreprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\nCette recherche est issue de l’appel \u00e0 projet sur le th\u00e8me : \u00c9tude sur la mise en oeuvre des codes de gouvernance d’entreprise<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n14.14_synth\u00e8se<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n14.14_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[114],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[363,352,364],"auteurs":[365,366,367],"class_list":["post-2542","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-droit","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-discipline-de-marche","publication_tag-soft-law","publication_tag-technologies-juridiques-alternatives","auteurs-katrin-deckert","auteurs-sophie-harnay","auteurs-tatiana-sachs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'efficacit\u00e9 des codes de gouvernance : perspectives compar\u00e9es et pluridisciplinaires - 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