{"id":18829,"date":"2026-10-07T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=news&#038;p=18829"},"modified":"2026-09-22T11:25:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T09:25:33","slug":"nouvelle-recherche-un-impossible-salariat","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/actualites\/nouvelle-recherche-un-impossible-salariat\/","title":{"rendered":"Nouvelle recherche : Un (im)possible salariat ?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Un (im)possible salariat ?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Analyse sociojuridique des luttes judiciaires autour de la qualification du travail sur les plateformes num\u00e9riques en France (2014-2025)<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peut-on r\u00e9ellement parler de travailleurs ind\u00e9pendants lorsque leur activit\u00e9 est organis\u00e9e et contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par une plateforme num\u00e9rique ? C\u2019est la question au c\u0153ur d\u2019une recherche conduite sous la direction de Sarah ABDELNOUR, avec le soutien de l\u2019Institut Robert Badinter (IRB), consacr\u00e9e aux luttes judiciaires autour de la qualification du travail sur les plateformes num\u00e9riques en France entre 2014 et 2025.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour \u00e9tudier ces \u00e9volutions, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche a analys\u00e9 153 d\u00e9cisions rendues en appel entre 2016 et 2024, compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par 27 entretiens avec des&nbsp;avocat\u00b7es,&nbsp;magistrat\u00b7es&nbsp;et&nbsp;repr\u00e9sentant\u00b7es&nbsp;des plateformes, ainsi que par des observations d\u2019audiences.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Une jurisprudence encore incertaine face au contr\u00f4le algorithmique<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019analyse des d\u00e9cisions d\u2019appel montre une situation plus contrast\u00e9e que ne pourraient le laisser penser les grandes d\u00e9cisions de la Cour de cassation. Dans 56 % des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9tudi\u00e9es, les juges refusent la requalification en contrat de travail. L\u2019issue des proc\u00e9dures varie notamment selon la date de la d\u00e9cision, le r\u00e9sultat obtenu en premi\u00e8re instance ou encore la formation de jugement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces \u00e9carts illustrent les difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es par les juridictions pour qualifier des relations de travail organis\u00e9es autour de plateformes num\u00e9riques, dont les modalit\u00e9s \u00e9voluent rapidement.&nbsp;Derri\u00e8re la question de la qualification juridique se joue une opposition entre deux conceptions du travail. Les&nbsp;avocat\u00b7es&nbsp;des travailleurs cherchent notamment \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer l\u2019existence d\u2019un lien de subordination, en s\u2019appuyant sur les modalit\u00e9s concr\u00e8tes d\u2019organisation de l\u2019activit\u00e9. Les plateformes mettent au contraire en avant la libert\u00e9 laiss\u00e9e aux travailleurs et leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 organiser leur activit\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les outils num\u00e9riques occupent une place centrale dans cette confrontation. G\u00e9olocalisation, syst\u00e8mes de notation, algorithmes de r\u00e9partition des courses, r\u00e8gles de connexion ou m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9sactivation des comptes peuvent ainsi constituer autant d\u2019indices du contr\u00f4le exerc\u00e9 par la plateforme. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, la possibilit\u00e9 de se connecter ou de se d\u00e9connecter, de refuser des prestations ou de travailler pour plusieurs plateformes est mobilis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9fendre l\u2019existence d\u2019une v\u00e9ritable autonomie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Des contentieux individuels aux strat\u00e9gies collectives<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La recherche met \u00e9galement en \u00e9vidence la multiplication de litiges portant sur des situations similaires. Ces affaires forment progressivement un v\u00e9ritable \u00ab contentieux s\u00e9riel \u00bb, permettant aux&nbsp;avocat\u00b7es&nbsp;de mutualiser la collecte des preuves et de structurer leurs strat\u00e9gies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Face \u00e0&nbsp;cela, les plateformes disposent elles aussi de ressources importantes pour inscrire les contentieux dans la dur\u00e9e et limiter les risques \u00e9conomiques et r\u00e9putationnels li\u00e9s aux d\u00e9cisions de justice.&nbsp;Le contentieux ne se limite par ailleurs plus aux seules questions de droit du travail. Depuis un arr\u00eat de la Cour de cassation du 25 juin 2025, le non-respect de la l\u00e9gislation du travail peut, sous certaines conditions, constituer une faute de concurrence d\u00e9loyale lorsqu\u2019il procure \u00e0 une entreprise un avantage concurrentiel indu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le cadre juridique est appel\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9voluer avec la transposition de la directive europ\u00e9enne 2024\/2831, qui doit intervenir avant le 2 d\u00e9cembre 2026. Celle-ci pr\u00e9voit notamment une pr\u00e9somption r\u00e9fragable de salariat et de nouvelles r\u00e8gles concernant le management algorithmique.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La recherche montre ainsi que le d\u00e9bat sur le statut des travailleurs des plateformes d\u00e9passe la seule opposition entre salariat et ind\u00e9pendance. Il interroge plus largement la capacit\u00e9 du droit \u00e0 appr\u00e9hender de nouvelles formes d\u2019organisation du travail, dans lesquelles les rapports de pouvoir peuvent d\u00e9sormais \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9s aux outils num\u00e9riques et algorithmiques.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lire la recherche :&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/un-impossible-salariat-analyse-sociojuridique-des-luttes-judiciaires-autour-de-la-qualification-du-travail-sur-les-plateformes-numeriques-en-france-2014-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/un-impossible-salariat-analyse-sociojuridique-des-luttes-judiciaires-autour-de-la-qualification-du-travail-sur-les-plateformes-numeriques-en-france-2014-2025\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":18834,"template":"","class_list":["post-18829","news","type-news","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nouvelle recherche : Un (im)possible salariat ?\u00a0 - INSTITUT ROBERT BADINTER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un (im)possible salariat ?&nbsp; 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