S\u2019interroger sur le juge et la protection de l\u2019environnement semble \u00eatre une question loin d\u2019\u00eatre in\u00e9dite. Toutefois, sans pour autant conclure \u00e0 l\u2019existence d\u2019un moment particulier, il apparait que la question du r\u00f4le du juge, et sp\u00e9cialement du juge administratif, en mati\u00e8re environnementale s\u2019inscrit dans un contexte particulier, marqu\u00e9 par les crises actuelles. Le positionnement particulier du juge au sein de l\u2019ordre juridique en a fait un garant privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 de l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 des normes relevant du droit de l\u2019environnement. Il contribuerait alors \u00e0 la protection de l\u2019environnement, voire \u00e0 la promotion de la justice environnementale. L\u2019\u00e9tude vise \u00e0 s\u2019int\u00e9resser sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des recours juridictionnels et \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de la Justice \u00e0 porter l\u2019enjeu de la protection de l\u2019environnement, \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 la protection de l\u2019environnement. L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se soutenue est qu\u2019alors que la Justice a \u00e9t\u00e9 taill\u00e9e pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questionnements individuels, elle se trouve, sous la pression des demandes soci\u00e9tales, amen\u00e9e \u00e0 s\u2019impliquer de plus en plus dans la protection de l\u2019environnement. La recherche, qui s\u2019appuie sur une d\u00e9marche interdisciplinaire, mobilisant \u00e9galement le droit compar\u00e9, a permis de d\u00e9gager trois types de r\u00e9sultats. Tout d\u2019abord, l\u2019implication croissante du juge administratif en mati\u00e8re de protection de l\u2019environnement est confirm\u00e9e. Le juge est sollicit\u00e9 de plus en plus tant par les requ\u00e9rants individuels que par des requ\u00e9rants agissant de mani\u00e8re organis\u00e9e, les acteurs embl\u00e9matiques ici \u00e9tant les associations et le recours au juge s\u2019ins\u00e8re dans une strat\u00e9gie pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9e, ce qui modifie sa port\u00e9e politique. Ensuite, l\u2019acc\u00e8s au juge administratif en mati\u00e8re environnementale continue de rencontrer certaines limites. La sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat environnemental a impliqu\u00e9 de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9nagement de recours collectifs, y compris \u00e0 une action populaire. Enfin, la capacit\u00e9 du juge administratif \u00e0 contribuer au renforcement de la protection de l\u2019environnement s\u2019appr\u00e9cie au regard de son aptitude \u00e0 impacter l\u2019ordre juridique. La pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions de justice est un gage de cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019intervention du juge. La port\u00e9e de la d\u00e9cision contentieuse est renforc\u00e9e notamment par la mobilisation du droit de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et l\u2019usage plus fr\u00e9quent des pouvoirs d\u2019injonction. Finalement, la recherche r\u00e9v\u00e8le que les \u00e9volutions actuelles, si elles mettent en avant le r\u00f4le du juge, et sp\u00e9cialement du juge administratif, et sa contribution au d\u00e9bat public, ne devraient pas avoir d\u2019impact direct sur l\u2019exercice de la fonction de juger. Le juge ne doit pas devenir militant, ni se substituer aux pouvoirs ex\u00e9cutif et l\u00e9gislatif. Lorsqu\u2019une association ou un groupe d\u2019individus ou m\u00eame un individu saisissent le juge, en vue de promouvoir la protection de l\u2019environnement, c\u2019est parce qu\u2019il est ind\u00e9pendant, impartial, expert du droit, et que sa d\u00e9cision peut potentiellement avoir un impact sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et les politiques publiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cette recherche est issue de l\u2019appel \u00e0 projet lanc\u00e9 en 2021 sur le th\u00e8me : Les enjeux juridiques de la transition \u00e9cologique.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n Questioning the relationship between access to judges and environmental protection is far from new. However, without concluding that there is a particular moment in time, the question of the role of the judge in environmental matters is part of a particular context, marked by the current crises. The special position of the judge, and noticeably the administrative judge, within the legal system has made it a privileged guarantor of the effectiveness of environmental law standards. In this way, they contribute to the protection of the environment, and even to the promotion of environmental justice. The aim of the study is to take a specific interest in the evolution of legal recourse and the capacity of the judicial system to take up the challenge of environmental protection and to contribute to environmental protection. The hypothesis is that while the justice system, including administrative justice, was designed to respond to individual issues, it is now finding itself increasingly involved in protecting the environment under pressure from societal demands. The research, which is based on an interdisciplinary approach that also draws on comparative law, has led to three types of results. Firstly, the growing involvement of judges, including administrative judges, in environmental protection is confirmed. The courts are increasingly called upon both by individual claimants and by claimants acting in an organised manner, the emblematic players here being associations, and recourse to the courts is part of a predetermined strategy, which modifies its political scope. Secondly, access to administrative courts in environmental matters continues to encounter certain limits. The specific nature of environmental interests has led to consideration being given to the development of class actions, including popular action. Finally, the ability of administrative judge to contribute to strengthening environmental protection is assessed in terms of its ability to have an impact on the legal system. Preserving the authority of court rulings is a guarantee of the credibility of judicial intervention. The scope of litigation decisions is strengthened by the mobilisation of European Union law and the more frequent use of injunction powers. Finally, the research reveals that current developments, while they highlight the role of the administrative judge and his contribution to public debate, should not have a direct impact on the exercise of the judicial function. Judges must not become activists or take the place of the executive and legislative powers. When an association, a group of individuals or even an individual brings a case before a judge to promote environmental protection, it is because the judge is independent, impartial and an expert in the law and that his decision can potentially have an impact on society and public policy<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[114,115],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[2949,2946,2950,561,2947,631,2948],"auteurs":[2951],"class_list":["post-11673","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-droit","disciplines-sociologie","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-action-collective","publication_tag-changement-climatique","publication_tag-contentieux-strategique-mobilisation-collective","publication_tag-environnement","publication_tag-injonction","publication_tag-juge-administratif","publication_tag-protection-de-lenvironnement-3","auteurs-emilie-chevalier"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEnglish version – R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais <\/summary>\n