{"id":13428,"date":"2024-08-06T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T07:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=13428"},"modified":"2024-07-17T18:02:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T16:02:17","slug":"derogation-coloniale-adaptation-postcoloniale","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/derogation-coloniale-adaptation-postcoloniale\/","title":{"rendered":"De la \u00ab d\u00e9rogation \u00bb coloniale \u00e0 \u00ab l\u2019adaptation \u00bb postcoloniale :"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Retour sur la peine et son ex\u00e9cution dans les collectivit\u00e9s du Pacifique fran\u00e7ais (Nouvelle Cal\u00e9donie, Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie comme en Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise, le legs colonial est souvent mobilis\u00e9 pour rendre compte des particularit\u00e9s contemporaines de la justice p\u00e9nale. Si de nombreux travaux historiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consacr\u00e9s au bagne d\u2019une part, et \u00e0 cette forme de justice r\u00e9pressive propre au contexte colonial, le r\u00e9gime de l\u2019indig\u00e9nat, d\u2019autre part, la prison y est rest\u00e9e un angle mort de l\u2019historiographie. La recherche avait pour ambition de d\u00e9gager un \u00e9ventuel mod\u00e8le de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des peines sui generis, fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 tant par les repr\u00e9sentations des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de la population colonis\u00e9e que par les repr\u00e9sentations de l\u2019ordre public colonial dans leur d\u00e9clinaison locale. En tant qu\u2019ils sont centr\u00e9s sur la p\u00e9riode coloniale stricto sensu, les travaux des historiens ne permettent pas de combler un vide concernant la p\u00e9riode imm\u00e9diatement post-coloniale, quand ces territoires deviennent des Territoires d\u2019Outre-mer (TOM) au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La recherche vise \u00e0 comprendre ce qui se passe \u2013 et ce qui ne se passe pas \u2013 des ann\u00e9es 1950 aux ann\u00e9es 1990, ann\u00e9es de transition vers l\u2019\u00e9tatisation des services p\u00e9nitentiaires. Elle envisage la disparition d\u2019un traitement particulier des anciens sujets colonis\u00e9s devenus citoyens fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re en mati\u00e8re d\u2019application des peines. Du colonial au post-colonial, elle identifie les tournants de l\u2019histoire de la privation de libert\u00e9 dans ces deux archipels, en montrant que les moments de rupture sont tributaires des grands changements institutionnels qui affectent ces territoires, mais ont aussi des dynamiques propres au syst\u00e8me carc\u00e9ral. Le projet se situe \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e de plusieurs champs disciplinaires : histoire coloniale et imp\u00e9riale, histoire de la d\u00e9colonisation, histoire des institutions p\u00e9nitentiaires, anthropologie politique des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s du Pacifique insulaire. Il mobilise diff\u00e9rents types de sources : des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences bibliographiques acad\u00e9miques et de la litt\u00e9rature grise, des archives administratives conserv\u00e9es en France hexagonale et dans le Pacifique, la presse locale d\u2019\u00e9poque, et un corpus d\u2019entretiens r\u00e9alis\u00e9s in situ en Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie et en Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un premier temps consiste \u00e0 situer la prison dans l\u2019ensemble des principales sanctions, tant p\u00e9nales qu\u2019extra-judiciaires, auxquelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumises les populations indig\u00e8nes des deux territoires : la peine capitale, la d\u00e9portation, les enfermements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un second temps pr\u00e9sente la p\u00e9riode qui succ\u00e8de \u00e0 celle d\u2019un \u00ab carc\u00e9ral de conqu\u00eate \u00bb, avec l\u2019ouverture de prisons civiles qui continuent d\u2019\u00e9chapper largement aux grandes r\u00e9formes qui jalonnent l\u2019histoire p\u00e9nitentiaire hexagonale et t\u00e9moignent de trajectoires originales. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le troisi\u00e8me temps d\u00e9veloppe la difficile transformation d\u2019un univers carc\u00e9ral marqu\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire coloniale en une prison compatible avec l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 formelle des citoyens, dans le contexte d\u2019une protestation contre les essais nucl\u00e9aires et de revendication ind\u00e9pendantiste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.28_DEROGATION_COLONIALE_synthese<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
21.28_DEROGATION_COLONIALE_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais<\/summary>\n

In New Caledonia as in French Polynesia, the colonial legacy is often used to account for the contemporary particularities of criminal justice. While, on the one hand, numerous historical works have been devoted to the penal colony and to this form of repressive justice specific to the colonial context which is the indigenous regime, on the other hand, the prison has remained a blind spot in historiography. The research target was to identify a possible sui generis model for the execution of sentences, shaped as much by representations of the specificities of the colonized population as by the representations of colonial public order in their local variations. Insofar as they focus on the colonial period stricto sensu, historians’ work does not fill the gap concerning the immediate post[1]<\/strong>colonial period, when these territories became Overseas Territories (TOM) in the aftermath of the Second World War. Our research aims to understand what happened – and what didn’t happen – from the 1950s to the 1990s, the years of transition to the state-run prison services. It looks at the disappearance of special treatment for former colonized subjects who had become full French citizens concerning the enforcement of sentences. From colonial to post-colonial times, it identifies the turning points in the history of custodial sentence in these two archipelagos, showing that the moments of rupture are dependent on the major institutional changes affecting these territories, but also have dynamics specific to the prison system. The project lies at the crossroads of several disciplinary fields: colonial and imperial history, history of decolonization, history of penitentiary institutions, political anthropology of Pacific islands societies. It draws on various types of sources: academic bibliographical references and grey literature, administrative archives preserved in mainland France and in the Pacific, the local press of the time, and a corpus of interviews conducted in situ in New Caledonia and French Polynesia. A first step consists in situating the prison within the range of main sanctions, both criminal and extra-judicial, to which the indigenous populations of the two territories were subjected: capital punishment, deportation, confinement. A second part presents the period which follows that of a \u201cprison of conquest\u201d, with the opening of civil prisons that continued to largely escape the major reforms that punctuated the history of Metropolitan French prisons, and bear witness to original trajectories. The third section develops the difficult transformation of a prison environment marked by colonial history into a prison compatible with the formal equality of citizens, in the context of a protest against nuclear tests and demands for independence.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[1204,93],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[266,892,3023,2925,638,3024],"auteurs":[1954,3025],"class_list":["post-13428","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-anthropologie","disciplines-histoire","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-administration-penitentiaire","publication_tag-colonisation","publication_tag-indigenat","publication_tag-peine","publication_tag-prison","publication_tag-protectorat","auteurs-christine-salomon","auteurs-marie-salaun"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDe la \u00ab d\u00e9rogation \u00bb coloniale \u00e0 \u00ab l\u2019adaptation \u00bb postcoloniale :<\/title>\n<meta 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