{"id":13684,"date":"2024-09-16T15:05:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T13:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=13684"},"modified":"2025-07-15T11:52:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T09:52:07","slug":"transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\/","title":{"rendered":"La transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises. Gen\u00e8se, circulation et usage d\u2019un dispositif judiciaire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2016, la loi relative \u00e0 la transparence, \u00e0 la lutte contre la corruption et \u00e0 la modernisation de la vie \u00e9conomique, dite \u00ab\u2009loi Sapin 2\u2009\u00bb, introduisait en droit fran\u00e7ais un nouveau dispositif de transaction p\u00e9nale ouverte aux entreprises : la convention judiciaire d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public (CJIP). Inspir\u00e9e des deferred prosecution agreements<\/em> (accords de poursuite diff\u00e9r\u00e9e) pratiqu\u00e9s depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990 aux \u00c9tats-Unis et depuis 2014 au Royaume-Uni, la CJIP offre une alternative aux poursuites contre les personnes morales soup\u00e7onn\u00e9es en particulier d\u2019infractions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la corruption et \u00e0 la fraude fiscale : parquet et pr\u00e9venus peuvent d\u00e9sormais convenir de la suspension de l\u2019action publique en \u00e9change de la reconnaissance de faits incriminables, du paiement d\u2019une amende et, dans certains cas, de la mise en \u0153uvre de r\u00e9formes organisationnelles afin de pr\u00e9venir le risque de r\u00e9cidive \u2013 le tout, sans d\u00e9claration formelle de culpabilit\u00e9. Cette possibilit\u00e9 nouvelle d\u2019une issue n\u00e9goci\u00e9e aux poursuites p\u00e9nales contre les entreprises constitue une petite \u00ab\u2009r\u00e9volution culturelle\u2009\u00bb de la justice fran\u00e7aise, qui ne fut d\u2019ailleurs pas accueillie sans d\u00e9bats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Issu de la collaboration d\u2019un sociologue et d\u2019une juriste qui ont en commun de s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux usages et aux contournements du droit que d\u00e9ploient les acteurs \u00e9conomiques et financiers, ce rapport retrace la gen\u00e8se, la circulation et les usages de la transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises, depuis ses origines am\u00e9ricaines jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa mise en \u0153uvre r\u00e9cente dans le syst\u00e8me judiciaire fran\u00e7ais. Il pr\u00e9sente les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une enqu\u00eate reposant sur des entretiens qualitatifs men\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s d\u2019une cinquantaine de professionnels du droit, aux \u00c9tats-Unis et en France, sur des observations ethnographiques des audiences publiques de validation des CJIP en France, ainsi que sur une analyse documentaire visant \u00e0 reconstituer les d\u00e9bats \u2013 m\u00e9diatiques, parlementaires, judiciaires et doctrinaux qui ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9volution de la transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rapport montre comment s\u2019est progressivement impos\u00e9, au cours des trente derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et dans plusieurs pays du monde, un nouveau mode de r\u00e8glement des conflits avec les grandes entreprises. L\u2019ascension rapide de l\u2019accord n\u00e9goci\u00e9 comme mode privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 d\u2019action publique dans la lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et financi\u00e8re est indissociable d\u2019un investissement sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent du droit p\u00e9nal par les avocats d\u2019affaires. Fruit de l\u2019espace de n\u00e9gociation in\u00e9dit entre procureurs et avocats de la d\u00e9fense qui caract\u00e9risait le microcosme judiciaire new yorkais de la fin du vingti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, la transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises fut ensuite import\u00e9e en France et au Royaume-Uni dans la foul\u00e9e de scandales de corruption impliquant certains fleurons de l\u2019industrie nationale vis\u00e9s par l\u2019action extraterritoriale de la justice am\u00e9ricaine. En dehors des \u00c9tats-Unis, la transaction p\u00e9nale fut con\u00e7ue comme un moyen de reprendre le contr\u00f4le des enqu\u00eates, des poursuites et des sanctions visant de telles entreprises et de prot\u00e9ger celles-ci du bras long de la justice am\u00e9ricaine. Cet investissement du p\u00e9nal par les avocats d\u2019affaires contribue en retour \u00e0 renouveler les dynamiques de l\u2019espace juridique, en transformant non seulement le travail des magistrats, mais aussi les conditions de mise en visibilit\u00e9 et de critique sociale de la d\u00e9linquance d\u2019affaires<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19.26_transaction_penale_synthese<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
19.26_transaction_penale_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
English version below \/ r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais<\/summary>\n

By the end of 2016, the loi relative \u00e0 la transparence, \u00e0 la lutte contre la corruption et \u00e0 la modernisation de la vie \u00e9conomique, known as the \u00ab\u00a0Sapin 2 law\u00a0\u00bb, introduced in French law a new criminal settlement procedure for business organizations and other legal persons: the convention judiciaire d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat public (CJIP). Inspired by the deferred prosecution agreements practiced since the 1990s in the United States and since 2014 in the United Kingdom, the CJIP offers an alternative to prosecution against corporate entities suspected of offenses related in particular to corruption and tax fraud, by enabling the negotiated resolution of such cases: prosecutors and defendants can thus agree to suspend criminal prosecution in exchange for acknowledging incriminating facts, paying a fine and, in certain cases, implementing organizational reforms to prevent the risk of recidivism \u2013 all without a formal declaration of guilt. This new possibility of a negotiated outcome to criminal proceedings against companies represents a small \u00ab\u00a0cultural revolution\u00a0\u00bb in French justice, which was not welcomed without debate. Resulting from the collaboration of a sociologist and a jurist who share an interest in the uses and circumventions of the law by economic and financial actors, this report traces the genesis, circulation and uses of deferred prosecution agreements, from its American origins to its recent implementation in the French legal system. It presents the results of a research project based on qualitative interviews with some fifty legal professionals in the United States and France, on ethnographic observations of public hearings to validate CJIPs in France, and on a documentary analysis designed to reconstruct the debates mediatic, parliamentary, judicial and doctrinal \u2013 that have shaped the evolution of the corporate criminal settlement procedures over the last few decades. The report shows how, over the last thirty years and in several countries around the world, a new way of settling disputes with major corporations has gradually taken hold. The rapid rise of the negotiated settlement as the preferred mode of public action in the fight against economic and financial crime is inextricably linked to a new investment of corporate lawyers into the field of criminal law. Born of the unprecedented negotiating space between prosecutors and defense attorneys which characterized New York judicial microcosm of the late twentieth century, deferred prosecution agreements were later imported to France and the UK in the wake of corruption scandals involving some leading national companies targeted by the extraterritorial action of American prosecutors. Outside the U.S., adopting deferred prosecution agreements was conceived as a means of regaining control over the investigation, prosecution and punishment of national companies and protecting them from the long arm of American justice. In turn, corporate lawyers\u2019 investment in criminal law is renewing the dynamics of the legal field, transforming not only the work of prosecutors and judges, but also the conditions under which corporate crime is made socially visible and criticized.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[114,115],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[3034,58,3036,3037,3035],"auteurs":[3033,3032],"class_list":["post-13684","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-droit","disciplines-sociologie","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-convention-judiciaire-dinteret-public-cjip","publication_tag-delinquance","publication_tag-delinquance-daffaires","publication_tag-justice-negociee","publication_tag-transaction-penale","auteurs-pascale-cornut-saint-pierre","auteurs-thomas-angeletti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises. ce rapport retrace la gen\u00e8se, la circulation et les usages de la transaction p\u00e9nale....\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises. ce rapport retrace la gen\u00e8se, la circulation et les usages de la transaction p\u00e9nale....\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"INSTITUT ROBERT BADINTER\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-15T09:52:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\\\/\",\"name\":\"La transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-16T13:05:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-15T09:52:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"La transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises. ce rapport retrace la gen\u00e8se, la circulation et les usages de la transaction p\u00e9nale....\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/transaction-penale-pour-les-entreprises\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"La transaction p\u00e9nale pour les entreprises. 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