{"id":15085,"date":"2024-11-21T11:51:21","date_gmt":"2024-11-21T10:51:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=15085"},"modified":"2025-06-25T14:35:44","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T12:35:44","slug":"des-morts-en-regles-normes-appropriations-et-regulations-autour-des-defunt%cb%91es-durant-la-pandemie-de-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/des-morts-en-regles-normes-appropriations-et-regulations-autour-des-defunt%cb%91es-durant-la-pandemie-de-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Des morts en r\u00e8gles. Normes, appropriations et r\u00e9gulations autour des d\u00e9funt\u02d1es durant la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 une triple crise : crise sanitaire, crise organisationnelle et crise de mortalit\u00e9 par vagues. C\u2019est dans ce contexte particulier que les \u00e9volutions normatives, concernant tant les normes juridiques que les normes sociales et professionnelles, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re pluridisciplinaire (droit, sociologie, anthropologie) et compar\u00e9e (France, Italie, Suisse). La recherche s\u2019est donn\u00e9 pour objectif d\u2019\u00e9tudier les appropriations qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites de ce foisonnement de normes juridiques par les acteurs de terrain confront\u00e9s aux d\u00e9funt\u02d1es (services fun\u00e9raires, \u00e9tat civil, personnels de sant\u00e9). Une approche empirique du droit a permis de consid\u00e9rer toutes les sources du droit et de s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux ajustements et arbitrages qui ont pu \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par les professionnel\u02d1les, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 leurs motifs. Apr\u00e8s avoir dress\u00e9 un \u00e9tat des lieux des \u00e9volutions juridiques des droits fran\u00e7ais, italien et suisse, en exposant les sept \u00e9tapes principales de la trajectoire des corps morts (le constat de d\u00e9c\u00e8s, les soins du corps, la mise en bi\u00e8re, le transport du corps, les d\u00e9lais d\u2019inhumation et de cr\u00e9mation, la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie d\u2019obs\u00e8ques, l\u2019exhumation), une place essentielle a \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux t\u00e9moignages des acteurs de terrain afin de d\u00e9finir les ajustements \u00ab types \u00bb, les \u00e9carts aux r\u00e8gles et les continuums adopt\u00e9s pour maintenir leurs valeurs. Cette appropriation des normes juridiques par les acteurs des \u00ab mondes fun\u00e9raires \u00bb \u00e0 titre principal, et par les professionnel\u02d1les du secteur sanitaire et de l\u2019administration de l\u2019\u00e9tat civil confront\u00e9\u02d1es \u00e0 la mort \u00e0 titre secondaire, \u00e0 travers la saisie, la (re)lecture et la diffusion des r\u00e8gles, a g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u2019importants co\u00fbts d\u2019ajustement et une fragilisation de l\u2019action professionnelle, notamment en raison de la recherche fr\u00e9quente de compromis entre le respect des r\u00e8gles et le maintien du sens du travail et des liens avec les personnes endeuill\u00e9es. Ces constats devraient contribuer \u00e0 tirer un ensemble d\u2019enseignements utiles \u00e0 la gestion des futures crises sanitaires, afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les modalit\u00e9s d\u2019adoption et le contenu des normes juridiques, en tenant davantage compte des pratiques fun\u00e9raires, y compris rituelles, et des pratiques d\u2019administration et de gestion des d\u00e9c\u00e8s, en y int\u00e9grant les probl\u00e9matiques du deuil des familles et des proches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.27_MORTS_EN_REGLES_synthese<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
21.27_MORTS_EN_REGLES_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais

The Covid-19 pandemic generated a triple crisis: a sanitary crisis, an organizational crisis and a mortality crisis, fluctuating over time. It is in this particular context that normative developments, concerning both legal standards and social and professional norms, have been analyzed in a multidisciplinary (law, sociology, anthropology) and comparative (France, Italy, Switzerland) way. The aim of the research was to study the ways in which this profusion of legal norms was appropriated by those working in the field with the deceased (funeral services, civil registry, health professionals). An empirical approach to the law has made it possible to consider all sources of law, and to examine the adjustments and arbitrations made by professionals, as well as their motives. After taking stock of legal developments in French, Italian and Swiss law, and outlining the seven main stages in the trajectory of dead bodies (death certificate, care of the body, coffining, transport of the body, burial and cremation times, funeral ceremony, exhumation), a key place was given to the testimonies of those working in the field, in order to define the \u00ab\u00a0typical\u00a0\u00bb adjustments, deviations from the rules and continuums adopted to maintain their values. This appropriation of legal norms by those working in the \u00ab\u00a0funeral world\u00a0\u00bb in the first instance, and by professionals in the health sector and civil registry administration who are confronted with death in the second, through the capture, (re)reading and dissemination of rules, has led to significant adjustment costs and a weakening of professional action, notably due to the frequent search for compromises between respecting the rules and maintaining the meaning of work and links with the bereaved. These findings should help stakeholders to draw a number of useful lessons for the management of future health crises, with a view to improving the adoption methods and content of legal standards, by taking greater account of funeral practices, including rituals, and death administration and management practices, by integrating the grieving issues of families and loved ones.<\/summary>\n

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