{"id":15412,"date":"2024-12-27T08:37:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T07:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=15412"},"modified":"2024-12-19T19:02:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-19T18:02:29","slug":"des-adultes-en-mode-mineur-enquete-sur-les-procedures-demancipation-judiciaire","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/des-adultes-en-mode-mineur-enquete-sur-les-procedures-demancipation-judiciaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Des adultes en mode mineur. Enqu\u00eate sur les proc\u00e9dures d’\u00e9mancipation judiciaire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L’enqu\u00eate montre qu’on peut distinguer aujourd’hui trois classes de trajectoires d\u2019aspiration pr\u00e9coce aux capacit\u00e9s civiles des majeurs. Les \u00e9mancipations certifiantes-moyennes qui vise l’acquisition de brevets et la certification d’examens professionnels. Les \u00e9mancipations scolaires-bourgeoises li\u00e9es \u00e0 des strat\u00e9gies scolaires internationales ou des d\u00e9partements d’outre-mer vers la m\u00e9tropole. Et des \u00e9mancipations familiales-populaires qui apparaissent comme un instrument de r\u00e9gulation des trajectoires et des litiges familiaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous mettons ensuite en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019existence d\u2019un \u00ab effet tribunal \u00bb sur les jugements d\u2019\u00e9mancipation, dont les variations ne se r\u00e9sument pas aux diff\u00e9rences de motifs des demandes. En situation d\u2019incompl\u00e9tude du droit \u2014 en lien avec l’absence de jurisprudence \u2014 les juges des tutelles transf\u00e8rent des normes juridiques secondaires et des dispositions professionnelles associ\u00e9es \u00e0 leur trajectoire ant\u00e9rieure au sein du champ juridique, qui contribuent \u00e0 la diff\u00e9renciation de leurs pratiques. L’attention port\u00e9e aux usages du corps des mineurs, le recours aux notions extra-juridiques de \u00ab risque \u00bb et de \u00ab maturit\u00e9 \u00bb, viennent combler cette incompl\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous concluons en mettant en avant la logique principale des proc\u00e9dures d\u2019\u00e9mancipation qui, quelle que soit leur issue, rel\u00e8vent moins d\u2019un arbitrage entre autonomie et protection des mineurs qu\u2019un m\u00e9canisme de reproduction ou de transfert de la tutelle (juridique) des parents vers la tutelle (pratique) et le contr\u00f4le (social) d\u2019autres institutions (comme la justice des mineurs ou la famille nucl\u00e9aire).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enfin nous proposons quelques pistes d\u2019\u00e9volution du droit des mineurs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposition 1 : Remplacer la notion de \u00ab justes motifs \u00bb par celle d\u2019\u00ab int\u00e9r\u00eat du mineur \u00bb dans l\u2019article 413-2 du Code civil d\u00e9finissant le cadre de l\u2019\u00e9mancipation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposition 2 : Autoriser les mineurs \u00e0 demander leur \u00e9mancipation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposition 3 : Autoriser les mineurs \u00e2g\u00e9s de 16 ans \u00e0 ester en justice<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposition 4 : Renforcer l\u2019autonomie du juge des tutelles mineurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposition 5 : Supprimer la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9mancipation pour obtenir le BNSSA avant l\u2019\u00e2ge de dix-huit ans<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.29_ADULTES_MINEURS_synth\u00e8se<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
21.29_ADULTES_MINEURS_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais \/ English version below <\/summary>\n

In France, access to majority occurs for almost all young people on their eighteenth birthday. But families can resort to a judicial emancipation procedure, through which a minor aged 16 or over can be granted civil legal capacity before the legal age of majority. Between 2016 and 2021, 8,716 litigants requested the emancipation of their child, or nearly 1,450 families per year. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was a procedure intended for the propertied classes, and closely linked to the consequences of the death of one of the parents. After 1945, the public was more varied, notably due to a gap between the civil majority at 21 and a de facto majority from 18. The study shows that we can today distinguish three classes of trajectories of early aspiration to civil capacities of adults. What we call \u201caverage-certifying\u201d emancipations, from middle-class parents, aim at the acquisition of licences and the certification of professional exams. \u201cBourgeois-academic\u201d emancipations are linked to international school strategies or from overseas departments to the mainland. And \u201cfamily-popular\u201d emancipations appear as an instrument for regulating family trajectories and disputes. We then highlight the existence of a \u201ccourt effect\u201d on emancipation judgments, the variations of which are not limited to differences in the reasons for the requests. In a situation of incompleteness of the law – linked to the absence of case law – supervisory judges transfer secondary legal standards and professional provisions associated with their previous trajectory within the legal field, which contribute to the differentiation of their practices. The attention paid to the uses of the bodies of minors, the recourse to extra-legal notions of \u201crisk\u201d and \u201cmaturity\u201d , fill in this incompleteness. We conclude by highlighting the main logic of emancipation procedures which, whatever their outcome, are less of an arbitration between autonomy and protection of minors than a mechanism of reproduction or transfer of (legal) guardianship of parents towards (practical) guardianship and (social) control of other institutions (such as juvenile justice or the nuclear family). Finally, we propose some avenues for the development of minors\u2019 rights:\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposal 1: Replace the notion of \u201cjust grounds\u201d with that of \u201cinterests of the minor\u201d in article 413-2 of the Civil Code defining the framework of emancipation\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposal 2: Authorize minors to request their emancipation\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposition 3: Authorize minors aged 16 to go to court\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposal 4: Strengthen the autonomy of the minor guardianship judge\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proposal 5: Remove the need for emancipation to obtain the BNSSA before the age of eighteen<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

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