{"id":15543,"date":"2025-02-04T09:02:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-04T08:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=15543"},"modified":"2025-08-01T17:19:00","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T15:19:00","slug":"defaillances-economiques-des-cafetiers-hoteliers-et-restaurateurs-prises-en-charge-institutionnelles-et-consequences-biographiques","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/defaillances-economiques-des-cafetiers-hoteliers-et-restaurateurs-prises-en-charge-institutionnelles-et-consequences-biographiques\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9faillances \u00e9conomiques des cafetiers, h\u00f4teliers et restaurateurs : prises en charge institutionnelles et cons\u00e9quences biographiques"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le rapport de recherche DEFCHOR expose les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une \u00e9tude des processus de mise en d\u00e9faillance des entreprises qui met au jour, d\u2019une part, la diversit\u00e9 des acteurs institutionnels (administratifs, juridictionnels, professionnels et associatifs) en charge du travail de pr\u00e9vention et de traitement des difficult\u00e9s, d\u2019autre part, les perceptions des situations et les ressources mobilis\u00e9es face \u00e0 ces difficult\u00e9s par les chef\u02d1fes d\u2019entreprises. Le secteur caf\u00e9s, h\u00f4tellerie, restauration (CHR) a \u00e9t\u00e9 retenu pour l\u2019analyse des effets de la crise sanitaire li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude repose sur une analyse processuelle et dispositionnelle qui consid\u00e8re les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes de la mise en d\u00e9faillance d\u2019une entreprise au regard des ressources (capitaux \u00e9conomiques, sociaux, culturels, symboliques) et des dispositions sociales activ\u00e9es par les chef\u02d1fes d\u2019entreprises pour faire face aux difficult\u00e9s. L\u2019enqu\u00eate a port\u00e9 sur 1\/ les caract\u00e9ristiques principales du secteur CHR en termes d\u2019organisation des march\u00e9s, de profils d\u2019entreprise et de mod\u00e8les d\u2019affaires, 2\/ le travail de pr\u00e9vention des difficult\u00e9s, 3\/ l\u2019\u00e9tude du traitement juridique des difficult\u00e9s des entreprises, 4\/ le processus de mise en d\u00e9faillance des entreprises au regard des ressources mobilis\u00e9es par les chef\u02d1fes d\u2019entreprise dans la gestion des difficult\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les entrepreneurs du secteur CHR ont faiblement recours aux proc\u00e9dures amiables, du fait de leur faible conscience de leur existence et de leurs faibles ressources de conseil, particuli\u00e8rement pour ce qui concerne les dirigeants de TPE. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne n\u2019est pas infl\u00e9chi par la mise en place du dispositif Signaux faibles, qui utilise l’intelligence artificielle pour pr\u00e9dire les d\u00e9faillances des entreprises, car ce dernier se limite aux entreprises de plus de dix salari\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que nous envisagions le secteur comme un site d\u2019observation privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 des entr\u00e9es en d\u00e9faillance d\u00e8s 2022, la capacit\u00e9 des organisations de branche \u00e0 construire politiquement les risques et \u00e0 \u00ab objectiver \u00bb les \u00e9preuves de fragilisation des situations individuelles a eu n\u00e9anmoins un effet de mobilisation des professionnels et de n\u00e9gociation collective d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux aides d\u2019Etat. Cette situation est d\u2019autant plus int\u00e9ressante qu\u2019elle est le fait de professionnels dont le rapport \u00e0 l\u2019Etat a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 extr\u00eamement critique. L\u2019attention \u00e0 la structuration et \u00e0 l\u2019action collective de la branche nous invite ainsi \u00e0 int\u00e9grer ses initiatives institutionnelles dans l\u2019analyse de la limitation ou de la capacit\u00e9 de retardement des d\u00e9faillances d\u2019entreprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le fait d\u2019avoir r\u00e9alis\u00e9 cette enqu\u00eate avant 2024 a permis de faire ressortir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des aides publiques, tout en soulignant le point aveugle de la situation des TPE, tant dans l\u2019information sur les proc\u00e9dures amiables que dans la prise en compte des indicateurs par Signaux faibles. Les conditions du maintien d\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9tant de moins en moins r\u00e9unies, le traitement judiciaire peut \u00eatre fragilis\u00e9 en termes de qualit\u00e9 dans le \u00ab passage \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle \u00bb que constituerait une hausse massive des proc\u00e9dures visant les TPE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette recherche est issue de l\u2019appel \u00e0 projet lanc\u00e9 en 2021 sur le th\u00e8me : Les d\u00e9faillances \u00e9conomiques<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.46_DEFAILLANCE_ECO_synthese<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
21.46_DEFAILLANCE_ECO_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Interview des chercheurs ICI <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais \/ English version below <\/summary>\n

The DEFCHOR research report presents the results of a study of the processes of business failure which reveals, on the one hand, the diversity of institutional actors (administrative, jurisdictional, professional and associative) in charge of the prevention and treatment of difficulties, on the other hand, the perceptions of situations and the resources mobilized in the face of these difficulties by entrepreneurs. The caf\u00e9, hotel and catering sector (CHR) was selected for the analysis of the consequences of the health crisis linked to the COVID 19 pandemic. The study is based on a processual and dispositional analysis which considers the different stages of the failure of a company with regard to resources (economic, social, cultural, symbolic capital) and social dispositions activated by business leaders to deal with difficulties. The research focused on 1\/ the main characteristics of the CHR sector in terms of market organization, company profiles and business models, 2\/ the work to prevent difficulties, 3\/ the study of legal treatment of companies\u2019 difficulties, 4\/ the process of failure of companies with regard to the resources mobilized by business leaders in the management of difficulties. Entrepreneurs in the CHR sector rarely resort to amicable procedures, due to their low awareness of their existence and their limited advisory resources, particularly with regard to VSE managers. This phenomenon is not affected by the implementation of the Weak Signals system, which uses artificial intelligence to predict business failures, because the latter is limited to companies with more than ten employees. While we envisaged the sector as a privileged observation site for insolvencies from 2022, the capacity of sector organizations to politically construct risks and to \u201cobjectify\u201d the tests of weakening of individual situations nevertheless had effects in terms of mobilizing professionals and stimulating collective negotiation for access to state aids. This situation is all the more interesting because it is the work of professionals whose relationship with the State has often been extremely critical. Attention to the structuring and collective action of the sector thus invites us to integrate its institutional initiatives into the analysis of the limitation or capacity to delay business failures. The fact of having carried out this research before 2024 made it possible to highlight the effectiveness of public aids, while highlighting the blind spot in the situation of VSEs, both in the information on amicable procedures and in the taking into account of indicators by Weak Signals. As the conditions for maintaining activity are less and less met, judicial processing may be weakened in terms of quality in the \u201cscaling up\u201d that would constitute a massive increase in procedures targeting VSEs.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

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