{"id":16266,"date":"2025-06-02T09:16:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-02T07:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=16266"},"modified":"2025-11-27T11:56:17","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T10:56:17","slug":"la-participation-des-individus-a-lenquete-en-droit-international-a-travers-les-reseaux-sociaux","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/la-participation-des-individus-a-lenquete-en-droit-international-a-travers-les-reseaux-sociaux\/","title":{"rendered":"La participation des individus \u00e0 l\u2019enqu\u00eate en droit international \u00e0 travers les r\u00e9seaux sociaux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019apparition des r\u00e9seaux sociaux coupl\u00e9e au d\u00e9veloppement des fonctions vid\u00e9o et photo des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles a permis l\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une nouvelle cat\u00e9gorie de preuves dans les enqu\u00eates sur les crimes de droit international. L\u2019enqu\u00eateur b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie ainsi de nombreuses informations mises en ligne par les individus, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de vid\u00e9os, de photos ou de documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Partant du constat d\u2019une \u00e9volution de l\u2019enqu\u00eate en mati\u00e8re de crimes de droit international par le recours aux informations issues des r\u00e9seaux sociaux, cette recherche a eu pour but d\u2019identifier l\u2019utilisation de ces preuves et les d\u00e9fis qu\u2019elles soul\u00e8vent au travers des prismes juridique et \u00e9conomique. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, son objectif a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 analyser l\u2019\u00e9volution du mod\u00e8le d\u2019enqu\u00eate passant d\u2019un syst\u00e8me de production centralis\u00e9 par un enqu\u00eateur qui recueille des t\u00e9moignages (et d\u2019autres types de preuves qualifi\u00e9es de traditionnelles) \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me partiellement d\u00e9centralis\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant du partage de vid\u00e9os, de<\/p>\n\n\n\n

documents ou de photographies par des individus sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux. Apr\u00e8s avoir propos\u00e9 une d\u00e9finition de la preuve issue des r\u00e9seaux sociaux, nous avons identifi\u00e9 les diff\u00e9rents emplois de cette preuve ainsi que son importance dans les enqu\u00eates (de son recueil \u00e0 sa pr\u00e9sentation). Par exemple, une analyse textuelle des transcriptions d’audience d’une affaire devant la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale a ainsi r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences dans l’utilisation des preuves par les divers participants au proc\u00e8s. Nous nous sommes ensuite int\u00e9ress\u00e9s aux d\u00e9fis que cette preuve soul\u00e8ve. Il est ressorti de nos premi\u00e8res observations que cette preuve est devenue indispensable aux enqu\u00eates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afin d\u2019accro\u00eetre sa force probante, l\u2019enqu\u00eateur doit veiller \u00e0 la recueillir en suivant des principes forensiques conformes \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, puis \u00e0 la pr\u00e9server de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re. Il doit, en outre, exposer formellement les nombreuses et diverses \u00e9tapes de son travail d\u2019enqu\u00eate ainsi que son respect d\u2019une certaine m\u00e9thodologie tout au long de ces derni\u00e8res, afin de convaincre de sa force probante. Enfin, l\u2019enqu\u00eateur doit \u00eatre conscient du risque de fausses nouvelles \u2013 lequel augmente avec la facilit\u00e9 accrue des techniques de manipulation \u2013 et de celui li\u00e9 \u00e0 la protection des individus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette analyse propose la reformulation de certains principes directeurs des enqu\u00eates, notamment ceux d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par un Protocole dit de Berkeley, afin de renforcer la force probante de ces preuves tout en garantissant une meilleure protection des individus et un plus large acc\u00e8s \u00e0 celles-ci, au nom du droit de la d\u00e9fense et du droit \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. Elle sugg\u00e8re \u00e9galement la coop\u00e9ration des organes d\u2019enqu\u00eate avec les tiers \u2013 acteurs institutionnels ou priv\u00e9s \u2013 et le renforcement de la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 de leurs actions. Enfin, elle encourage une formation continue des enqu\u00eateurs pour suivre les \u00e9volutions de cette preuve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.53_ENQUETE_et_RESEAUX_SOCIAUX_synthese<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
21.53_ENQUETES_et_RESEAUX_SOCIAUX_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais


The advent of social media, coupled with the development of video and photo capabilities in mobile phones, has enabled the emergence of a new category of evidence in the investigation of crimes under international law. Investigators can now take advantage of any information that individuals post online, whether it is videos, photos or documents. Based on the observation of the transformation of the investigation of crimes under international law through the use of information from social networks, this research aimed to identify the use of this evidence and the challenges it poses through legal and economic prisms. Specifically, the objective was to analyze the evolution of the investigation model from a centralized production system by an investigator who collects testimonies (and other types of evidence qualified as traditional) to a partially decentralized system benefiting from the sharing of videos, documents or photographs by individuals on social networks. After proposing a definition of evidence from social networks we identified the different uses of this evidence as well as its importance in investigations (from its collection to its presentation). For example, a textual analysis of the transcripts of a case before the International Criminal Court revealed differences in the use of evidence by the diverse participants in the trial. We then looked at the challenges this kind of evidence raises. From our initial observation, it is clear that this evidence has become indispensable to investigations. In order to increase its probative value, the investigator must ensure that it is collected in accordance with forensic principles in compliance with criminal procedure, and then preserve it in the same way. In addition, he must formally explain the numerous and various stages of his investigative work as well as the respect of a certain methodology throughout them, in order to convince of its probative value. Finally, the investigator must be aware of the risk of fake news \u2013 which is growing with the increasing ease of manipulation techniques \u2013 and of the risk related to the protection of individuals. This analysis proposes the reformulation of certain guiding principles of investigations, in particular those developed by a so-called Berkeley Protocol, in order to strengthen the evidentiary value of this evidence while guaranteeing better protection of individuals and wider access to it in the name of the right of defense and the right to the truth. It also suggests the cooperation of investigative bodies with third parties \u2013 institutional or private actors \u2013 and the strengthening of the complementarity of their actions. Finally, it encourages the training of investigators in order to monitor in the evolution of this evidence.
<\/summary>\n

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