\u00ab Faillite \u00bb, \u00ab insolvabilit\u00e9 \u00bb, \u00ab difficult\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques \u00bb, \u00ab cessation des paiements \u00bb, \u00ab surendettement \u00bb, \u00ab incapacit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re \u00bb ou encore \u00ab impossibilit\u00e9 de payer \u00bb constituent autant de termes \u2013 non exhaustifs \u2013 mobilis\u00e9s pour qualifier la d\u00e9faillance \u00e9conomique d\u2019un d\u00e9biteur. Pourtant, malgr\u00e9 cette apparente abondance lexicale, l\u2019examen approfondi de la notion de \u00ab d\u00e9faillance \u00e9conomique \u00bb r\u00e9v\u00e8le l\u2019absence de toute d\u00e9finition substantielle et stabilis\u00e9e. Sa s\u00e9mantique varie en effet selon les disciplines \u2013 juridiques, \u00e9conomiques ou sociales \u2013, oscillant entre un concept englobant et une acception restreinte \u00e0 la seule cessation d\u2019entreprise, sans qu\u2019\u00e9merge un v\u00e9ritable consensus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La question acquiert une acuit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re dans un contexte de crises successives : \u00e9pid\u00e9mie sanitaire, tensions g\u00e9opolitiques, inflation, fragilisation des cha\u00eenes de valeur, etc. Ces facteurs contribuent \u00e0 une augmentation significative des d\u00e9faillances d\u2019entreprises, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un risque syst\u00e9mique de contagion susceptible d\u2019affecter jusqu\u2019aux particuliers dans leur activit\u00e9 de consommation. Dans ces conditions, la capacit\u00e9 des pouvoirs publics \u00e0 appr\u00e9hender et \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir la d\u00e9faillance \u00e9conomique devient un enjeu majeur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c0 cette dimension conjoncturelle s\u2019ajoute un enjeu structurel : la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 du droit fran\u00e7ais. Compar\u00e9e aux syst\u00e8mes \u00e9trangers \u2013 \u00ab Insolvency \u00bb en droit europ\u00e9en, \u00ab Bankruptcy \u00bb en droit anglais, \u00ab Unm\u00f6glichkeit \u00bb en droit allemand \u2013, la notion fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9faillance \u00e9conomique se r\u00e9v\u00e8le particuli\u00e8rement mall\u00e9able. Cette plasticit\u00e9 terminologique et conceptuelle affecte sa port\u00e9e normative et complexifie l\u2019identification d\u2019un p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre clair d\u2019intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u2019absence de d\u00e9finition rigoureuse rend de ce fait difficile tant son appr\u00e9hension que la conception d\u2019un traitement efficace. Selon que la d\u00e9faillance est entendue comme un simple d\u00e9faut ponctuel de paiement ou comme une incapacit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive \u00e0 couvrir la dette, le point de d\u00e9clenchement de la r\u00e9ponse \u2013 pr\u00e9ventive ou curative \u2013 varie consid\u00e9rablement. Cette ind\u00e9termination soul\u00e8ve des interrogations fondamentales : comment anticiper une d\u00e9faillance sans s\u2019accorder sur ses \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs ? Comment articuler les r\u00e9ponses lorsqu\u2019elle concerne tour \u00e0 tour entreprises, particuliers, organismes publics ou m\u00eame \u00c9tats souverains ? Quel r\u00f4le attribuer \u00e0 chaque acteur dans un paysage institutionnel et proc\u00e9dural h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La recherche met enfin en \u00e9vidence qu\u2019identifier les causes, les facteurs et les d\u00e9terminants de la d\u00e9faillance constitue un pr\u00e9alable indispensable pour \u00e9laborer des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019\u00e9vitement ou d\u2019att\u00e9nuation de ses effets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ce rapport est le fruit d\u2019un travail de recherche pluri et interdisciplinaire, voire transdisciplinaire, proposant une \u00e9tude empirique et analytique, \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es quantitatives et qualitatives. Il vise \u00e0 clarifier la notion de \u00ab d\u00e9faillance \u00e9conomique \u00bb, \u00e0 en d\u00e9limiter les contours et \u00e0 en d\u00e9gager les implications op\u00e9rationnelles. L\u2019objectif est de fournir des outils conceptuels et pratiques permettant de mieux pr\u00e9venir les situations de d\u00e9faillance et de limiter les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de contagion affectant les d\u00e9biteurs, les march\u00e9s et, plus largement, l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cBankruptcy,\u201d \u201cinsolvency,\u201d \u201ceconomic difficulties,\u201d cessation of payments,\u201d \u201cover-indebtedness,\u201d \u201cfinancial incapacity,\u201d and \u201cinability to pay\u201d are just some of the terms \u2013 and this list is not exhaustive \u2013 used to describe a debtor\u2019s economic default. However, despite this apparent lexical abundance, a thorough examination of the concept of \u201ceconomic failure\u201d reveals the absence of any substantive and stable definition. Its meaning varies depending on the discipline \u2013 legal, economic, or social \u2013 oscillating between a broad concept and a meaning restricted to business closure alone, without any real consensus emerging. <\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":18088,"template":"","disciplines":[114,93,2930,115],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[3376,3379,3378,3377,3192,3380,3383,3381,3382,3384],"auteurs":[3385],"class_list":["post-17928","publications","type-publications","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","disciplines-droit","disciplines-histoire","disciplines-sciences-du-langage","disciplines-sociologie","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-banqueroute","publication_tag-cessation-des-paiements","publication_tag-defaillance-dentreprise","publication_tag-defaut-de-paiement","publication_tag-difficultes-economiques","publication_tag-faillite","publication_tag-insolvabilite","publication_tag-liquidation","publication_tag-pre-insolvabilite","publication_tag-surendettement","auteurs-bertille-ghandour"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
The issue takes on particular urgency in a context of successive crises : health epidemics, geopolitical tensions, inflation, the weakening of value chains, etc. These factors contribute to a significant increase in business failures, generating a systemic risk of contagion that could affect even individuals in their consumer activities. Under these conditions, the ability of public authorities to understand and prevent economic failure becomes a major challenge. In addition to this cyclical dimension, there is also a structural issue: the competitiveness of French law. Compared to foreign systems \u2013 \u201cInsolvency\u201d in European law, \u2018Bankruptcy\u2019 in English law, \u201cUnm\u00f6glichkeit\u2019 in German law \u2013 the French concept of economic failure is particularly malleable. This terminological and conceptual plasticity affects its normative scope and complicates the identification of a clear scope of intervention. The lack of rigorous definition therefore makes it difficult to understand and to devise an effective response. Depending on whether default is understood as a simple one-off failure to pay or as a permanent inability to cover debt, the trigger point for the response \u2013 preventive or curative \u2013 varies considerably. This uncertainty raises fundamental questions: how can we anticipate default without agreeing on its constituent elements? How can we coordinate responses when it affects companies, individuals, public bodies, or even sovereign states? What role should each actor play in a heterogeneous institutional and procedural landscape ?
Finally, the research highlights that identifying the causes, factors, and determinants of failure is an essential prerequisite for developing strategies to avoid or mitigate its effects. This report is the result of multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and even transdisciplinary research, offering an empirical and analytical study based on quantitative and qualitative data. It aims to clarify the concept of \u201ceconomic failure,\u201d define its contours, and identify its operational implications. The objective is to provide conceptual and practical tools to better prevent situations of failure and limit the contagion phenomena affecting debtors, markets, and, more broadly, the economy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n