{"id":1798,"date":"2022-01-21T14:51:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-21T13:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=1798"},"modified":"2023-08-24T10:49:53","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T08:49:53","slug":"lexpertise-economique","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/lexpertise-economique\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019expertise \u00e9conomique dans le droit fran\u00e7ais de la concurrence.\u00a0Fortunes et infortunes d\u2019un projet r\u00e9formateur"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
18.22_synth\u00e8se<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
18.22_rapport<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n


Rendre le droit fran\u00e7ais de la concurrence \u00ab plus \u00e9conomique \u00bb : tel est le mot d\u2019ordre de r\u00e9formateurs qui, \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1990, font irruption dans les organes administratifs et judiciaires charg\u00e9s d\u2019appliquer ces normes. Notre recherche revient sur la gen\u00e8se de ce projet r\u00e9formateur et cherche \u00e0 en mesurer les cons\u00e9quences. Pour cela, dans une d\u00e9marche pluridisciplinaire, nous avons combin\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019entretiens, d\u2019une recherche archivistique, d\u2019une analyse quantitative de 1 066 d\u00e9cisions et d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019\u00e9tudes de cas juridiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si l\u2019expertise \u00e9conomique irrigue la politique de concurrence fran\u00e7aise d\u00e8s la fin des Trente Glorieuses, elle ne s\u2019installe r\u00e9ellement que vers la fin des ann\u00e9es 1990, lorsque les cabinets de conseil en \u00e9conomie commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper. Sollicit\u00e9s par des entreprises accus\u00e9es d\u2019avoir enfreint le droit de la concurrence, ils sont charg\u00e9s de d\u00e9montrer l\u2019innocuit\u00e9 de leurs pratiques. Parall\u00e8lement, les juridictions et l\u2019organe qui deviendra l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 de la concurrence commencent \u00e0 recruter des personnes form\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie industrielle. L\u2019emprise des \u00e9conomistes est toutefois limit\u00e9e par celle, bien plus \u00e9tendue, des avocats. D\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1970, le Barreau de Paris s\u2019est mobilis\u00e9 pour participer \u00e0 la structuration d\u2019une politique de concurrence encore balbutiante. La profession juridique y voit un moyen d\u2019\u00e9tendre le march\u00e9 des services aux entreprises et de concurrencer le monopole du droit public dans le champ \u00e9mergent de la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La d\u00e9pendance des \u00e9conomistes vis-\u00e0-vis des avocats, et plus largement, la d\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l\u2019ensemble du milieu vis-\u00e0-vis des modes de raisonnement juridiques est visible dans les d\u00e9cisions rendues par l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 de la concurrence et celles des juridictions charg\u00e9es d\u2019examiner les recours (cour d\u2019appel de Paris et Cour de Cassation). Les tests et les concepts embl\u00e9matiques de l\u2019approche \u00ab plus \u00e9conomique \u00bb ne sont pr\u00e9sents que dans 5 % des d\u00e9cisions \u00e9tudi\u00e9es. Lorsqu\u2019une d\u00e9cision passe en appel, les moyens soulev\u00e9s renvoient davantage \u00e0 des points de proc\u00e9dure qu\u2019\u00e0 des aspects substantiels li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019analyse \u00e9conomique. Ces conclusions sont \u00e9tay\u00e9es par les quatre \u00e9tudes de cas th\u00e9matiques qui portent sur l\u2019imposition du prix, les \u00e9changes d\u2019information, les abus de position dominante non tarifaires et la d\u00e9limitation du march\u00e9 pertinent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[2575,2576],"auteurs":[56,52,50],"class_list":["post-1798","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-concurrence","publication_tag-economie","auteurs-julie-bailleux","auteurs-lola-avril","auteurs-sebastien-billows"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019expertise \u00e9conomique dans le droit fran\u00e7ais de la concurrence.\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019expertise \u00e9conomique dans le droit fran\u00e7ais de la concurrence.\u00a0Fortunes et infortunes d\u2019un projet r\u00e9formateur...\" \/>\n<meta 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