Depuis environ deux si\u00e8cles, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des scientifiques et des autorit\u00e9s publiques pour les comportements d\u00e9linquants converge vers une pr\u00e9occupation commune : expliquer le \u00ab passage \u00e0 l\u2019acte \u00bb et \u00e9viter la \u00ab r\u00e9cidive \u00bb. Les recherches men\u00e9es \u00e0 ce sujet dans diff\u00e9rentes disciplines se sont longtemps donn\u00e9es pour objectif d\u2019\u00e9laborer une th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale dressant les causes de la d\u00e9linquance. De leur c\u00f4t\u00e9, les institutions p\u00e9nales leur ont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement emboit\u00e9 le pas en tentant de mettre en pratique ces th\u00e9ories afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher la r\u00e9it\u00e9ration d\u2019infractions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dans ce cadre, la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie a vu \u00e9merger le th\u00e8me des sorties de d\u00e9linquance. Cet int\u00e9r\u00eat r\u00e9cent pour les processus de d\u00e9sengagement, plut\u00f4t que pour la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition des transgressions, est perceptible aussi bien du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des universitaires que des institutions socio-judiciaires. Ce rapport de recherche vise \u00e0 rendre compte des enjeux li\u00e9s \u00e0 cette \u00e9volution. Il explore les usages et souligne les limites de certains d\u00e9veloppements th\u00e9oriques et des applications institutionnelles li\u00e9es \u00e0 ce changement de perspective, en les croisant avec les parcours de vie et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience des personnes concern\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On s\u2019appuiera pour cela sur un dispositif m\u00e9thodologique comportant deux volets. D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, une enqu\u00eate de terrain r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par entretiens au sein de services de probation en France et en Suisse. De l\u2019autre, la restitution sous forme de r\u00e9cits de vie de la trajectoire biographique de personnes ayant fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une condamnation dans ces deux pays. Au contraire d\u2019approches cherchant \u00e0 identifier des facteurs unilat\u00e9ralement propices ou d\u00e9favorables \u00e0 la r\u00e9cidive ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9sistance, on s\u2019attachera \u00e0 rendre compte des configurations complexes et des dimensions enchev\u00eatr\u00e9es qui caract\u00e9risent ces parcours de vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Il ressort de cette recherche que le syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nal constitue un obstacle plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un levier en mati\u00e8re de sorties de d\u00e9linquance. Au lieu de chercher de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes d\u2019intervention, il est surtout indispensable que l\u2019action institutionnelle cesse de causer du pr\u00e9judice. Le d\u00e9sengagement d\u00e9linquant n\u00e9cessite d\u2019\u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 dans une perspective longitudinale et transversale attentive aux rapports de domination. Parmi eux, l\u2019accent est mis ici sur les conditions d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019autonomie pour les personnes judiciaris\u00e9es, fortement touch\u00e9es par des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s socio-\u00e9conomiques structurelles, et sur les conditions de leur \u00e9mancipation, compte tenu du regard stigmatisant et discriminant port\u00e9 \u00e0 leur encontre par le syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nal et social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cette recherche est issue de l\u2019appel \u00e0 projet sur le th\u00e8me : <\/mark><\/strong> For about two centuries, the interest of scientists and public authorities in delinquent behavior has converged around a common concern: explaining the \u201cpassage to the act\u201d and preventing \u201crecidivism.\u201d Research conducted in various disciplines on this subject has long sought to develop a general theory outlining the causes of delinquency. Penal institutions, for their part, have regularly followed suit, attempting to put these theories into practice in order to prevent the repetition of offenses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n In this context, the last decade has seen the emergence of the theme of desistance from crime. This recent interest in the processes of disengagement, rather than in the repetition of transgressions, can be observed both among academics and within socio-judicial institutions. This research report aims to shed light on the issues linked to this development. It explores the uses and highlights the limits of certain theoretical advances and institutional applications related to this shift in perspective, by comparing them with the life trajectories and experiences of those directly concerned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The study relies on a two-pronged methodological approach. On one hand, a field investigation through interviews conducted within probation services in France and Switzerland. On the other, the reconstruction of life stories tracing the biographical trajectories of individuals who have been convicted in these two countries. Contrary to approaches seeking to identify factors that are solely conducive or unfavorable to recidivism or desistance, the aim here is to account for the complex configurations and interwoven dimensions that characterize these life paths. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The findings of this research suggest that the penal system acts more as an obstacle than as a lever in the process of desistance from crime. Rather than seeking new intervention methods, it is above all essential that institutional action stop causing harm. Delinquent disengagement must be understood from a longitudinal and cross-sectional perspectiveattentive to relations of domination. Among these, particular emphasis is placed on the conditions of access to autonomyfor people under judicial supervision\u2014who are deeply affected by structural socio-economic inequalities\u2014and on the conditions of their emancipation, given the stigmatizing and discriminatory gaze cast upon them by both the penal and social systems.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[115],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[58,59,60,57],"auteurs":[61],"class_list":["post-1803","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-sociologie","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-delinquance","publication_tag-desistance","publication_tag-probation","publication_tag-recidive","auteurs-xavier-de-larminat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
R\u00e9cidive et d\u00e9sistance.<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nR\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais \/ English version below <\/summary>\n