{"id":18466,"date":"2026-06-17T09:01:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T07:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=18466"},"modified":"2026-06-15T15:53:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T13:53:31","slug":"la-justice-dasile-entre-crise-et-routine-de-crise-une-ethnographie-de-la-cour-nationale-du-droit-dasile","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/la-justice-dasile-entre-crise-et-routine-de-crise-une-ethnographie-de-la-cour-nationale-du-droit-dasile\/","title":{"rendered":"La justice d’asile : entre crise et routine de crise. Une ethnographie de la Cour nationale du droit d’asile"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ce rapport analyse les transformations contemporaines de la justice de l\u2019asile \u00e0 partir d\u2019une enqu\u00eate empirique approfondie men\u00e9e au sein de la Cour nationale du droit d\u2019asile (CNDA). Il s\u2019inscrit dans un contexte o\u00f9 l\u2019asile est durablement appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 \u00e0 travers le prisme de la \u00ab crise \u00bb \u2013 crise migratoire, crise de l\u2019accueil, crise institutionnelle – et propose de d\u00e9placer le regard en analysant la crise non comme un \u00e9v\u00e9nement exceptionnel, mais comme une modalit\u00e9 ordinaire de fonctionnement des institutions judiciaires.
L\u2019objectif central de la recherche est double : comprendre ce que la crise fait \u00e0 la justice de l\u2019asile, et ce que en retour, la justice de l\u2019asile fait \u00e0 la crise.
La CNDA constitue \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard un observatoire privil\u00e9gi\u00e9, en raison de son r\u00f4le central dans la mise en \u0153uvre du droit d\u2019asile, du volume des recours qu\u2019elle traite et de son exposition directe aux \u00e9volutions g\u00e9opolitiques et aux politiques migratoires. Le rapport s\u2019int\u00e9resse ainsi aux effets de la crise sur les proc\u00e9dures, les pratiques de jugement, les trajectoires professionnelles et la relation entre l\u2019institution et son public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La recherche repose sur une m\u00e9thodologie qualitative et interdisciplinaire, mobilisant le droit, la sociologie politique et l\u2019anthropologie. Men\u00e9e entre janvier 2023 et l\u2019automne 2024, l\u2019enqu\u00eate combine plus de quatre-vingts entretiens individuels et collectifs avec les principaux groupes professionnels de la CNDA, des observations prolong\u00e9es d\u2019audiences, des immersions au sein de chambres et la participation encadr\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9tudiants \u00e0 l\u2019observation du public. Une dimension comparative a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 travers une mission de terrain men\u00e9e en Gr\u00e8ce, afin de resituer les transformations observ\u00e9es en France dans un cadre europ\u00e9en marqu\u00e9 par la routinisation de dispositifs pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme exceptionnels aux fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les r\u00e9sultats montrent que la CNDA fonctionne selon une \u00ab routine de crise \u00bb, dans laquelle des dispositifs initialement justifi\u00e9s par l\u2019urgence – acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des proc\u00e9dures, rationalisation manag\u00e9riale, standardisation des cat\u00e9gories juridiques – tendent \u00e0 s\u2019inscrire durablement dans le fonctionnement ordinaire de la justice. Cette dynamique transforme silencieusement les pratiques de jugement, les conditions de travail des professionnels et la lisibilit\u00e9 de la justice pour les justiciables. L\u2019analyse met \u00e9galement en \u00e9vidence la normalisation de r\u00e9ponses juridiques exceptionnelles, notamment en mati\u00e8re d\u2019ordre public et de violences de masse, ainsi que les tensions qu\u2019elles soul\u00e8vent pour les garanties fondamentales du proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En conclusion, le rapport invite \u00e0 repenser la justice de l\u2019asile non comme un simple lieu d\u2019application du droit en temps de crise, mais comme un espace o\u00f9 la crise se fabrique, se n\u00e9gocie et se normalise. Il ouvre enfin des pistes de r\u00e9flexion sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019un dialogue renforc\u00e9 au sein de l\u2019institution et avec son public, afin de pr\u00e9server la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, l\u2019intelligibilit\u00e9 et la fonction protectrice de la justice de l\u2019asile dans un contexte de crise durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette recherche est issue de l\u2019appel \u00e0 projet lanc\u00e9 en 2021 sur le th\u00e8me :\u00a0La justice en temps de crise<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.42_JUSTICE_D_ASILE_synthese<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
21.42-JUSTICE_D_ASILE_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais <\/summary>\n

This report analyzes contemporary transformations in asylum justice based on an in-depth empirical study conducted within the National Court of Asylum (CNDA). It comes at a time when asylum is consistently viewed through the prism of \u201ccrisis\u201d
– migration crisis, reception crisis, institutional crisis
– and proposes to shift the focus by analyzing the crisis not as an exceptional event, but as a normal way of operating for judicial institutions.
The central objective of the research is twofold: to understand what the crisis does to asylum justice, and what, in return, asylum justice does to the crisis. In this regard, the CNDA is a privileged observatory, given its central role in the implementation of asylum law, the volume of appeals it handles, and its direct exposure to geopolitical developments and migration policies. The report thus focuses on the effects of the crisis on procedures, judgment practices, career trajectories, and the relationship between the institution and its audience. The research is based on a qualitative and interdisciplinary methodology, drawing on law, political sociology, and anthropology. Conducted between January 2023 and fall 2024, the study combines more than 80 individual and group interviews with the CNDA\u2019s main professional groups, extended observations of hearings, immersion in chambers, and the supervised participation of students in observing the public. A comparative dimension has also been incorporated through a field mission conducted in Greece, in order to situate the transformations observed in France within a European context marked by the routinization of measures presented as exceptional at the borders of the European Union. The results show that the CNDA operates according to a \u201ccrisis routine\u201d in which measures initially justified by urgency – acceleration of procedures, managerial rationalization, standardization of legal categories – tend to become part of the ordinary functioning of the justice system. This dynamic is silently transforming judicial practices, the working conditions of professionals, and the transparency of the justice system for litigants. The analysis also highlights the normalization of exceptional legal responses, particularly in matters of public order and mass violence, as well as the tensions they raise for the fundamental guarantees of a fair trial. In conclusion, the report calls for a rethinking of asylum justice, not as a simple place where the law is applied in times of crisis, but as a space where crisis is created, negotiated, and normalized.
Finally, it opens up avenues for reflection on the need for enhanced dialogue within the institution and with its audience in order to preserve the legitimacy, intelligibility, and protective function of asylum justice in a context of sustained crisis.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":18467,"template":"","disciplines":[1204,114,621,115],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[3424,3427,3425,3426],"auteurs":[3428,205],"class_list":["post-18466","publications","type-publications","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","disciplines-anthropologie","disciplines-droit","disciplines-science-politique","disciplines-sociologie","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-cour-nationale-du-droit-dasile","publication_tag-crise-de-lasile","publication_tag-ethnographie-juridique","publication_tag-justice-dasile","auteurs-sara-dezalay","auteurs-sharon-weill"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa justice d'asile : entre crise et routine de crise. 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