{"id":2309,"date":"2019-06-19T18:25:00","date_gmt":"2019-06-19T16:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&#038;p=2309"},"modified":"2025-08-20T10:41:59","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T08:41:59","slug":"archeologie-bien-commun-figures-de-la-propriete-et-du-prejudice-archeologiques","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/archeologie-bien-commun-figures-de-la-propriete-et-du-prejudice-archeologiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Arch\u00e9ologie &#038; Bien commun. Figures de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et du pr\u00e9judice arch\u00e9ologiques"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-641129be-e76a-4f19-9575-7d9a99343e64\" href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2023\/03\/17.35_Arche%CC%81ologie-et-bien-commun_Note-de-synthe%CC%80se.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">17.35_synth\u00e8se<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-fce0961f-0bbf-4daf-905c-d96c5c520201\" href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2023\/03\/17.35-RF-Arche%CC%81ologie-et-bien-commun_Rapport-de-recherche.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">17.35_rapport<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au sein du droit du patrimoine culturel, le droit de l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie est articul\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re particuli\u00e8re sur un principe matriciel de contr\u00f4le de la recherche scientifique et sur le concept de&nbsp;<em>sauvegarde par l\u2019\u00e9tude scientifique<\/em>&nbsp;qui surplombe la r\u00e9alisation des op\u00e9rations d\u2019am\u00e9nagement et d\u2019urbanisme. L\u2019exercice des pr\u00e9rogatives correspondantes et la capacit\u00e9 de les imposer sont confi\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat.&nbsp;L\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la connaissance arch\u00e9ologique \u2013 objectif qui l\u00e9gitime le droit de l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie \u2013 est pareillement plac\u00e9 sous le regard de l\u2019\u00c9tat. L\u2019acte de fouille, sous-jacent \u00e0 la&nbsp;<em>sauvegarde par l\u2019\u00e9tude scientifique<\/em>, provoque la transition de la mat\u00e9rialit\u00e9 du gisement arch\u00e9ologique vers un domaine immat\u00e9riel&nbsp;; c\u2019est par l\u2019analyse et l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation qu\u2019est restitu\u00e9e la connaissance arch\u00e9ologique, processus dont l\u2019\u00c9tat est \u00e9galement le garant.&nbsp;Dans des affaires p\u00e9nales de fouilles illicites ou de destruction du patrimoine arch\u00e9ologique, cette figure de garant,&nbsp;<em>a priori<\/em>&nbsp;exclusif, d\u2019un patrimoine arch\u00e9ologique conduit l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 rechercher la reconnaissance d\u2019un pr\u00e9judice moral, arguant de la perte scientifique et historique, du fait de la disparition des informations arch\u00e9ologiques contextuelles et de la d\u00e9gradation irr\u00e9versible du gisement arch\u00e9ologique. Se pose alors la question du fondement de l\u2019action civile et des modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9paration de ce qui \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit ou de compensation de la perte de patrimoine.&nbsp;Ces surplombs de l\u2019\u00c9tat ont longtemps \u00e9cras\u00e9 toute r\u00e9flexion sur d\u2019autres mod\u00e8les juridiques et sur une autre r\u00e9partition des responsabilit\u00e9s sur ce patrimoine commun. Cette centralit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat est rehauss\u00e9e depuis 2016 par l\u2019institution progressive d\u2019un r\u00e9gime de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 publique des vestiges arch\u00e9ologiques.&nbsp;Pour autant, cette position cardinale de l\u2019\u00c9tat ne r\u00e9sume ni la r\u00e9partition des responsabilit\u00e9s et la distribution des titularit\u00e9s sur le patrimoine arch\u00e9ologique, ni les fonctions sociales du patrimoine arch\u00e9ologique. Elle interf\u00e8re dans toutes r\u00e9flexions sur une distribution de titularit\u00e9s des droits d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la connaissance arch\u00e9ologique et d\u2019invocation d\u2019un pr\u00e9judice arch\u00e9ologique par des tiers. A partir de ce cadre, la recherche articule trois axes&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1)&nbsp;<strong>Questionner la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 arch\u00e9ologique<\/strong>, dans une perspective de bien commun, pour repenser le statut du patrimoine arch\u00e9ologique, en red\u00e9finir le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre et rehausser l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif documentaire dans le droit de l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie, redistribuer les droits d\u2019usage, d\u2019acc\u00e8s et d\u2019exploitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2)&nbsp;<strong>Refonder les responsabilit\u00e9s<\/strong>&nbsp;sur le patrimoine arch\u00e9ologique, en posant des principes \u00e0 partir duquel pourrait \u00eatre repens\u00e9e la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00c9tat&nbsp;; refondation \u00e0 partir d\u2019une redistribution des titularit\u00e9s et des obligations entre les diff\u00e9rentes collectivit\u00e9s publiques, et en explorant les voies du droit qui pourraient \u00eatre emprunt\u00e9es pour mettre en jeu un mod\u00e8le de contr\u00f4le social de l\u2019arch\u00e9ologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3)&nbsp;<strong>Inventer un pr\u00e9judice arch\u00e9ologique<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 centr\u00e9 sur la perte de connaissances scientifiques et historiques \u2013 \u00e0 partir des d\u00e9terminations d\u2019un nouvel&nbsp;<em>int\u00e9r\u00eat commun<\/em>&nbsp;susceptible de fonder tant les actions en r\u00e9paration que l\u2019exercice de ces actions par des groupes ou des personnes se pr\u00e9valant d\u2019un tel int\u00e9r\u00eat commun.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Within the law of cultural patrimony, the law of archaeology is articulated in a particular way on a matrix principle of control of scientific research and on the concept of safeguarding by scientific study which overhangs the realization of operations of development and town planning. The exercise of the corresponding prerogatives and the capacity to impose them are entrusted to the State.&nbsp;Access to archaeological knowledge &#8211; the objective that legitimizes archaeological law &#8211; is similarly placed under the supervision of the State. The act of excavation, underlying the safeguarding through scientific study, provokes the transition from the materiality of the archaeological deposit to an immaterial domain; it is through analysis and interpretation that archaeological knowledge is restored, a process for which the State is also the guarantor.&nbsp;In penal cases of illicit excavations or destruction of the archaeological patrimony, this figure of guarantor, a priori exclusive, of an archaeological patrimony leads the State to seek the recognition of a moral prejudice, arguing for the scientific and historical loss, because of the disappearance of contextual archaeological information and the irreversible degradation of the archaeological deposit. The question then arises as to the basis of the civil action and the modalities of reparation of what has been destroyed or of compensation for the loss of patrimony.&nbsp;These overhangs of the State have for a long time crushed any reflection on other legal models and on another distribution of responsibilities for this common heritage. This centrality of the State has been enhanced since 2016 by the progressive institution of a regime of public property of archaeological remains.&nbsp;For all that, this cardinal position of the State does not summarize either the distribution of responsibilities and the distribution of property of archaeological patrimony, or the social functions of archaeological patrimony. It interferes in all reflections on a distribution of titularities of the rights of access to the archaeological knowledge and of invocation of an archaeological damage by third parties.&nbsp;From this framework, the research articulates three axes:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>1) Questioning the archaeological property<\/strong>, in a perspective of commons, to rethink the status of the archaeological patrimony, to redefine its perimeter and to raise the documentary imperative in the law of archaeology, to redistribute the rights of use, access and exploitation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>2) To refound the responsibilities on the archaeological patrimony<\/strong>, by posing principles from which the responsibility of the State could be rethought; refoundation starting from a redistribution of the titularities and the obligations between the various public authorities, and by exploring the ways of the law which could be borrowed to put into play a model of social control of archaeology.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>3) To invent an archaeological prejudice<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; centered on the loss of scientific and historical knowledge &#8211; from the determinations of a new common interest likely to found both the actions for reparation and the exercise of these actions by groups or individuals claiming such a common interest.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\">Cette recherche est issue de l&rsquo;appel \u00e0 projet sur le th\u00e8me : Le(s) bien(s) commun(s)<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[149,140,150,143],"auteurs":[152],"class_list":["post-2309","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-biens-archeologiques","publication_tag-biens-communs","publication_tag-patrimoine","publication_tag-propriete","auteurs-vincent-negri"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arch\u00e9ologie &amp; Bien commun. 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