{"id":2330,"date":"2019-04-21T00:52:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T22:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=2330"},"modified":"2025-12-12T11:06:59","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T10:06:59","slug":"causes-supremes-les-mobilisations-politiques-du-droit-devant-les-hautes-cours","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/causes-supremes-les-mobilisations-politiques-du-droit-devant-les-hautes-cours\/","title":{"rendered":"Causes supr\u00eames ? Les mobilisations politiques du droit devant les Hautes Cours"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les hautes cours fran\u00e7aises sont une ar\u00e8ne privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e de l\u2019articulation entre droit et changement social, dans la mesure o\u00f9 leurs d\u00e9cisions cr\u00e9ent des pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents auxquels toutes les cours inf\u00e9rieures doivent d\u00e9f\u00e9rer. En cela, elles sont souvent vis\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re prioritaire par les contentieux strat\u00e9giques qui cherchent justement \u00e0 transformer le droit par le pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Pourtant, les travaux de sciences sociales qui se sont pench\u00e9s sur les usages du droit ont, selon les cas, port\u00e9 l\u2019attention vers ses mobilisations dans la vie quotidienne (au travail, sur des questions familiales, s\u2019agissant de conflits de voisinage…) ou au contraire sur l\u2019impact des d\u00e9cisions des cours supr\u00eames sur de grandes transformations politiques ou sociales. L\u2019analyse longitudinale de la transformation des affaires, depuis des litiges de premier niveau jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la pr\u00e9sentation \u00e9ventuelle d\u2019un cas devant une cour sup\u00e9rieure, a rarement \u00e9t\u00e9 prise en compte. C\u2019est cette question \u00e0 laquelle la recherche collective \u00ab Causes supr\u00eames \u00bb s\u2019est attel\u00e9e, pour identifier comment se transforment des cas et les causes qui leur sont rattach\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de la progression du dossier le long des diff\u00e9rents niveaux de juridiction, en portant une attention particuli\u00e8re \u00e0 ce qui se joue \u00ab au niveau \u00bb des cours supr\u00eames ou hautes cours, selon la mani\u00e8re dont on entend les d\u00e9signer (Cour de Cassation, Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat et Conseil Constitutionnel dans le cas fran\u00e7ais). Quatre causes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 investigu\u00e9es : la lutte contre les discriminations, les conditions de d\u00e9tention, les libert\u00e9s num\u00e9riques et enfin des mobilisations autour de questions de sant\u00e9. La d\u00e9marche empirique choisie a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 identifier des affaires port\u00e9es devant les trois juridictions fran\u00e7aises et \u00e0 rencontrer autant que possible celles et ceux qui en ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les acteurs\u00b7trices (en particulier avocat\u00b7e\u00b7s \u00e0 la Cour, avocat\u00b7e\u00b7s aux Conseils, membres d\u2019associations, etc.), \u00e0 collecter gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 elles et eux des mat\u00e9riaux li\u00e9s au contentieux concern\u00e9 (requ\u00eates, m\u00e9moires, d\u00e9cisions, documents de travail, courriels, etc.), et \u00e0 observer dans une perspective ethnographique diff\u00e9rents moments du processus analys\u00e9 (rencontre avec le client, r\u00e9unions de travail, audiences…). L\u2019analyse a conduit \u00e0 souligner l\u2019importance du bin\u00f4me avocat\u00b7e \u00e0 la Cour – avocat\u00b7e aux Conseils dans l\u2019\u00e9volution du cas, mais aussi \u00e0 insister sur la mani\u00e8re dont les client\u00b7e\u00b7s individuel\u00b7le\u00b7s comme les associations porteuses de causes peuvent intervenir dans le processus. En portant attention \u00e0 la structure de soutien (C. Epp) ce sont les configurations \u00e9largies d\u2019acteurs\u00b7trices qui gagnent en visibilit\u00e9, ainsi que les strat\u00e9gies plus large dans lesquelles s\u2019inscrit le contentieux (plaidoyer, recours au m\u00e9dia etc.). Enfin, les cas \u00e9tudi\u00e9s ont permis de mettre en \u00e9vidence que si des strat\u00e9gies judiciaires peuvent \u00eatre patiemment construites en soutien de causes identifi\u00e9es et revendiqu\u00e9es, il arrive \u00e9galement que la cause \u00ab \u00e9merge \u00bb en quelque sorte, de mani\u00e8re moins concert\u00e9e, de la succession de contentieux divers non coordonn\u00e9s.
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English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais<\/summary>\n

The French High Courts are a privileged arena for the articulation between law and social change, insofar as their decisions create precedents to which all lower courts must defer. In this respect, they are often the priority targets of strategic litigation, which seeks to transform the law through precedent.\u00a0However, social science research on the use of law has, depending on the case, focused on the way it is used in everyday life (at work, on family issues, in neighbourhood conflicts, etc.) or, on the contrary, on the impact of supreme court decisions on major political or social transformations. Longitudinal analysis of the transformation of cases, from first-level litigation to the submission of a case before a superior court, has rarely been taken into account. It is this question that the collective research \u00ab\u00a0Supreme Causes\u00a0\u00bb has tackled, in order to identify how cases and related causes are transformed as the case evolves thoughout the different levels of jurisdiction, paying particular attention to what happens \u00ab\u00a0at the level\u00a0\u00bb of the supreme courts or high courts, depending on how one intends to designate them (Cour de Cassation, Conseil d’Etat and Conseil Constitutionnel in the French case). Four cases were investigated: the fight against discrimination, conditions of detention, digital data laws and finally mobilisations around health issues.\u00a0The empirical approach chosen consisted of identifying cases brought before the three French courts and meeting as many of those who were involved in them as possible (in particular lawyers, supreme-court lawyers, members of associations, etc.), collecting through them materials related to the litigation concerned (motions, briefs, decisions, working documents, emails, etc.), and observing from an ethnographic perspective different moments in the process analyzed (meeting with the client, working meetings, hearings, etc.).\u00a0The analysis has led to underline the importance of the pair of \u00ab\u00a0avocat-e \u00e0 la Cour – avocat-e aux Conseils\u00a0\u00bb (lawyers \u2013 supreme-court lawyes) in the transformation of the case, but also to insist on the ways in which individual clients as well as associations bringing cases can intervene in the process. By paying attention to the support structure (C. Epp)n it is the broader configurations of actors that gain visibility, as well as the broader strategies within which litigation takes place (advocacy, use of the media, etc.). Finally, the cases studied highlighted the fact that while judicial strategies can be patiently constructed in support of identified and claimed causes, it also happens that the cause \u00ab\u00a0emerges\u00a0\u00bb in a less concerted manner from the succession of various uncoordinated disputes.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

18.24_synth\u00e8se<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
18.24_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Interview : Causes supr\u00eames ? Les mobilisations politiques du droit devant les Hautes Cours<\/strong> par Liora ISRAEL et Corentin DURAND <\/p>\n\n\n\n