{"id":2371,"date":"2019-04-21T01:18:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T23:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&#038;p=2371"},"modified":"2025-08-21T11:39:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T09:39:44","slug":"la-socialisation-professionnelle-des-surveillants-de-prison-1993-2017-une-perspective-longitudinale-quantitative-et-qualitative","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/la-socialisation-professionnelle-des-surveillants-de-prison-1993-2017-une-perspective-longitudinale-quantitative-et-qualitative\/","title":{"rendered":"La socialisation professionnelle des surveillants de prison 1993-2018. Une perspective longitudinale, quantitative et qualitative"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce rapport interroge la socialisation professionnelle des surveillants de prison et l\u2019existence d\u2019une culture professionnelle chez ces derniers, en s\u2019appuyant sur les r\u00e9sultats du suivi de la cohorte de la 130<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;promotion des surveillants de l\u2019\u00c9nap, d\u00e9but\u00e9e en 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette cohorte a \u00e9t\u00e9 interrog\u00e9e six fois en 25 ans via un questionnaire, \u00e0 quatre grands moments de la carri\u00e8re&nbsp;: la formation&nbsp;; l\u2019entr\u00e9e dans le m\u00e9tier&nbsp;; le milieu de carri\u00e8re&nbsp;; la fin de carri\u00e8re. La derni\u00e8re interrogation a \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e9t\u00e9e d\u2019une analyse statistique de l\u2019\u00e9tat actuel du groupe et 12 entretiens approfondis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il ressort notamment de cette enqu\u00eate qu\u2019en 25 ans, la satisfaction au travail s\u2019est effondr\u00e9e au point qu\u2019une majorit\u00e9 des surveillants est devenue pleinement insatisfaite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les surveillants sont quatre fois plus nombreux qu\u2019au d\u00e9but de la carri\u00e8re \u00e0 d\u00e9clarer \u00eatre entr\u00e9s dans ce m\u00e9tier \u00ab&nbsp;par hasard&nbsp;\u00bb. On n\u2019entre pas dans l\u2019AP par vocation (80%)&nbsp;; les surveillants ne conseillent pas \u00e0 leurs amis ou proches d\u2019entrer dans l\u2019AP (71%), s\u2019ils avaient pu, ils auraient choisi un autre emploi (69%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parmi les membres de la 130<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;promotion, 75% ont le statut de surveillant et n\u2019ont pas connu de promotion&nbsp;; 72% travaillent en d\u00e9tention. Ils consid\u00e8rent que la prison est un lieu dangereux (88%) dans lequel ils jugent avoir suffisamment d\u2019autonomie (77%) mais ils attendent \u00e0 78% un soutien sur le terrain de la part de la hi\u00e9rarchie plut\u00f4t qu\u2019un dialogue, attente qui devient plus forte avec le temps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour trois surveillants sur quatre, ce qui est le plus important dans le m\u00e9tier c\u2019est de pouvoir compter sur les coll\u00e8gues ou de travailler dans une bonne ambiance professionnelle. Mais 70% des surveillants estiment que leurs pairs manquent de motivation dans leur travail et 72% consid\u00e8rent que la formation \u00ab&nbsp;laisse \u00e0 d\u00e9sirer&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2007, il semblait que s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019emploi, salaire net et statut protecteur contrebalan\u00e7aient une satisfaction professionnelle en nette d\u00e9gradation. Mais au bout de 25 ans de carri\u00e8re, ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments ne suffisent plus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le rapport \u00e0 la loi et aux r\u00e8gles professionnelles des surveillants, l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation qu\u2019ils portent sur l\u2019administration p\u00e9nitentiaire, son image, leur m\u00e9tier, montrent une pluralit\u00e9 qui, loin de former une culture professionnelle homog\u00e8ne, r\u00e9v\u00e8le des oppositions de styles normatifs, polaris\u00e9es par la dimension satisfaction-insatisfaction au travail et un rapport pluriel \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle et envers les personnes d\u00e9tenues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Progressivement, il semblerait que la segmentation du m\u00e9tier de surveillant (politique de sp\u00e9cialisation&nbsp;: Eris, Prej, moniteur de sports, etc.) tende \u00e0 constituer le travail de base, dans les coursives et aux \u00e9tages, en&nbsp;<em>\u00ab&nbsp;<\/em>sale boulot<em>&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>&nbsp;dans la division morale du travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une des voies pour limiter l\u2019insatisfaction professionnelle graduelle d\u2019une vie de surveillant pourrait consister \u00e0 mieux prendre en compte la p\u00e9nibilit\u00e9 de certains postes et \u00e0 conditionner l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 certaines fonctions sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019anciennet\u00e9 dans les fonctions de base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-d6d0571f-a1f0-4316-ba99-a81a2b826b51\" href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2022\/10\/17-07-Synthese.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">17.07_synth\u00e8se<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2022\/10\/17-07-Synthese.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-d6d0571f-a1f0-4316-ba99-a81a2b826b51\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-b91e613b-3616-4ffd-8fb7-e34afe3c3ee9\" href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2022\/10\/17-07-Rapport-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">17.07_rapport<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ierdj.fra1.digitaloceanspaces.com\/media_library\/2022\/10\/17-07-Rapport-final.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-b91e613b-3616-4ffd-8fb7-e34afe3c3ee9\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[114],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[266,959,2303,737,1783],"auteurs":[184],"class_list":["post-2371","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-droit","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-administration-penitentiaire","publication_tag-carrieres","publication_tag-enap","publication_tag-prisons","publication_tag-surveillants","auteurs-fabrice-guilbaud"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La socialisation professionnelle des surveillants de prison 1993-2018. 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