{"id":4710,"date":"2022-12-20T14:07:20","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T13:07:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=4710"},"modified":"2026-04-27T12:03:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:03:21","slug":"la-fabrique-des-e-usagers-politiques-et-pratiques-de-lacces-au-droit-et-de-ses-dispositifs","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/la-fabrique-des-e-usagers-politiques-et-pratiques-de-lacces-au-droit-et-de-ses-dispositifs\/","title":{"rendered":"La fabrique des e-usagers. Politiques et pratiques de l’acc\u00e8s au droit et de ses dispositifs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Initialement port\u00e9e par des avocats militants, des organisations professionnelles, associatives et\/ou politiques et des collectivit\u00e9s locales dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, la question de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit a \u00e9t\u00e9 prise en charge par l\u2019\u00c9tat et institutionnalis\u00e9e, au cours des ann\u00e9es 1990 dans le cadre d\u2019une politique confi\u00e9e au minist\u00e8re de la Justice. Partenariale, cette politique d\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit est aujourd\u2019hui d\u00e9clin\u00e9e territorialement dans le cadre des conseils d\u00e9partementaux d\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit (CDAD) charg\u00e9s de la coordonner et de l\u2019animer dans les d\u00e9partements.
En \u00e9tudiant la mise en \u0153uvre quotidienne de la politique d\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit dans deux d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais, cette enqu\u00eate s\u2019est donn\u00e9e pour objet d\u2019analyser en pratique cette politique publique dans le contexte actuel de d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des services publics.
Apr\u00e8s avoir pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 les grandes \u00e9tapes de l\u2019institutionnalisation de cette politique d\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit et mis en lumi\u00e8re ses tensions actuelles, la recherche propose une analyse du travail et des usages de la permanence, dispositif central de la politique d\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit permettant de proposer aux usager\u00b7\u00e8res une information juridique personnalis\u00e9e. Combinant des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019enqu\u00eate qualitatives et quantitatives, la recherche met en lumi\u00e8re la diversit\u00e9 des statuts des travailleur\u00b7ses de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit, les fronti\u00e8res qui cadrent leurs activit\u00e9s et les enjeux de d\u00e9valorisation de leur travail auxquels elles, puisque ce sont majoritairement des femmes, sont confront\u00e9es. L\u2019\u00e9tude des usages de ces permanences met \u00e9galement en exergue une population fortement f\u00e9minine et majoritairement pr\u00e9caris\u00e9e. Tout en interrogeant le d\u00e9veloppement au c\u0153ur de la justice de ce travail du care, entre engagement b\u00e9n\u00e9vole et\/ou professionnel et \u00ab sale boulot \u00bb, \u00e0 la fois accentu\u00e9 et transform\u00e9 par les processus de d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des services publics, la recherche met en lumi\u00e8re que la probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019illectronisme ou de la fracture num\u00e9rique n\u2019\u00e9puise pas les cons\u00e9quences de la d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit.
En effet, si pour une partie des usager\u00b7\u00e8res les permanences apparaissent comme un service ponctuel donnant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des informations pour pr\u00e9parer une \u00e9ventuelle action et r\u00e9int\u00e9grer le parcours \u00ab classique \u00bb du futur justiciable, pour deux cat\u00e9gories d\u2019usager\u00b7\u00e8res : les femmes victimes de violence et les \u00e9trangers, les permanence d\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit rel\u00e8vent davantage d\u2019une prise en charge sp\u00e9cifique. La d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des services publics vient accentuer la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de cette prise en charge sp\u00e9cifique par les contraintes particuli\u00e8res qu\u2019elle cr\u00e9e pour ces publics : la disparition des guichets d\u2019une part, le renforcement des formes de domination dans le couple de l\u2019autre. La d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialisation des services publics agit donc \u00e0 ce titre comme un op\u00e9rateur de segmentation des publics et des trajectoires d\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit, et non seulement comme un facteur d\u2019augmentation de l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9. Face \u00e0 cet \u00e9loignement du guichet, la permanence est alors prise dans une tension structurante : se retrouver en position de remplacer le guichet, sans pour autant avoir les moyens humains et financier de s\u2019y substituer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Equipe : Florence Ihaddadene, Francis Lebon, Sophie R\u00e9tif, Maud Simonet, Jean-Philippe Tonneau<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19.33_synth\u00e8se<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
19.33_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Interview des chercheurs ICI <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais <\/summary>\n

Initially championed in the 1970s by activist lawyers, professional organizations, associations, political groups, and local authorities, the issue of access to the law was gradually taken up by the State and institutionalized during the 1990s within a policy framework entrusted to the Ministry of Justice. Based on a partnership approach, this access-to-law policy is now implemented territorially through the Conseils d\u00e9partementaux de l\u2019acc\u00e8s au droit<\/em> (CDADs), which are responsible for coordinating and promoting it at the departmental level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By examining the day-to-day implementation of access-to-law policy in two French departments, this study aims to analyze this public policy in practice within the current context of the digitalization of public services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After outlining the major stages in the institutionalization of this policy and highlighting its current tensions, the research offers an analysis of the work carried out in legal advice sessions (permanences<\/em>), a central mechanism of access-to-law policy that provides users with personalized legal information. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study sheds light on the diversity of employment statuses among access-to-law workers, the boundaries that structure their activities, and the challenges of devaluation they face\u2014particularly given that the workforce is predominantly female. The analysis of how these services are used also highlights a user population that is largely female and predominantly socioeconomically vulnerable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While questioning the development, at the heart of the justice system, of this form of care work\u2014situated between volunteer and professional engagement and sometimes perceived as \u201cdirty work,\u201d and both intensified and transformed by the digitalization of public services\u2014the research demonstrates that the issue of digital exclusion (or the digital divide) does not fully capture the effects of digitalization on access to the law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indeed, while for some users these services function as a one-off resource providing information to prepare a potential legal action and re-enter the \u201ctraditional\u201d path of a future litigant, for two categories of users\u2014women victims of violence and foreign nationals\u2014access-to-law services take on the role of a more specific form of support. The digitalization of public services reinforces the need for such tailored support, due to the specific constraints it creates for these groups: on the one hand, the disappearance of physical service counters; on the other, the reinforcement of power imbalances within intimate relationships. In this respect, digitalization acts as a mechanism that segments users and their pathways to accessing the law, rather than merely increasing inaccessibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faced with the disappearance of in-person service points, legal advice services are thus caught in a structural tension: they are increasingly expected to replace the front desk, without having the human or financial resources to do so.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","disciplines":[114],"collections":[119],"publication_tag":[1149,1515,1567,23,128],"auteurs":[1562],"class_list":["post-4710","publications","type-publications","status-publish","hentry","disciplines-droit","collections-rapports-de-recherche","publication_tag-acces-au-droit","publication_tag-droit","publication_tag-e-usagers","publication_tag-justice-numerique","publication_tag-numerique-2","auteurs-maud-simonet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa fabrique des e-usagers. 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