{"id":4722,"date":"2022-12-20T16:13:08","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T15:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=4722"},"modified":"2025-07-10T15:41:39","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T13:41:39","slug":"corps-et-surveillance","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/corps-et-surveillance\/","title":{"rendered":"Corps et surveillance : enjeux sociaux et juridiques du recours aux scanners corporels et \u00e0 l’\u00e9valuation du comportement des personnes dans les a\u00e9roports"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Depuis une d\u00e9cennie en France, scanners corporels et m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse comportementale sont venus s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 la panoplie de techniques et technologies destin\u00e9es \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger l\u2019aviation civile des actes malveillants. Utilis\u00e9s conjointement, ces outils permettent \u00e0 la fois de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l\u2019imp\u00e9ratif de \u00ab filtrage \u00bb des passagers et d\u2019adapter l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des contr\u00f4les selon le niveau de risque de chaque voyageur. \u00c0 partir de l\u2019analyse de sources \u00e9crites (litt\u00e9rature grise, technique, juridique, institutionnelle, etc.) et la conduite d\u2019entretiens semi-directifs men\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s d\u2019acteurs clefs (entreprises, institutions, associations, etc.), cette recherche explore les enjeux juridiques et sociaux pos\u00e9s par l\u2019introduction de ces deux techniques comme outils de lutte contre le terrorisme.
La premi\u00e8re partie du rapport pr\u00e9sente le contexte et les principales caract\u00e9ristiques techniques des scanners corporels et de l\u2019\u00e9valuation du comportement des personnes (ECP). La deuxi\u00e8me partie interroge l\u2019encadrement juridique des scanners corporels en France et en Europe en le contextualisant dans l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9glementations qui r\u00e9gissent les fouilles corporelles pr\u00e9ventives. Elle discute des libert\u00e9s et des droits fondamentaux potentiellement atteints par le recours \u00e0 ces technologies et propose une analyse des choix r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par la Commission europ\u00e9enne et le l\u00e9gislateur fran\u00e7ais pour concilier les exigences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et les libert\u00e9s publiques en cette mati\u00e8re. La troisi\u00e8me et derni\u00e8re partie revient quant \u00e0 elle sur les fondements th\u00e9oriques du programme fran\u00e7ais d\u2019\u00e9valuation du comportement des personnes (ECP). Elle rel\u00e8ve les critiques et les oppositions qui ont pu \u00eatre formul\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des outils d\u2019analyse comportementale en Europe et aux \u00c9tats-Unis et discute des diff\u00e9rents enjeux pos\u00e9s par l\u2019utilisation de ces techniques dans les a\u00e9roports, notamment du point de vue des professionnels et acteurs institutionnels du secteur. En portant une attention aux dimensions \u00e0 la fois juridiques, techniques, scientifiques, institutionnelles et sociales de ces dispositifs, la recherche met en exergue les tensions qui peuvent d\u00e9couler de la confrontation de ces diff\u00e9rents champs d\u2019action, marqu\u00e9s respectivement par des int\u00e9r\u00eats et des injonctions sp\u00e9cifiques. Elle propose en outre une r\u00e9flexion sur les \u00e9volutions contemporaines de la surveillance telles que la privatisation des missions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019automatisation des contr\u00f4les.
Cette \u00e9tude s\u2019inscrit dans le prolongement d\u2019un projet collectif soutenu par la Fondation allemande Gerda Henkel et dirig\u00e9 par Emmanuel Droit, professeur d\u2019histoire contemporaine \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg. Elle s’appuie en outre sur les recherches men\u00e9es dans le cadre de la th\u00e8se de doctorat en sociologie de Manon Beaucourt dirig\u00e9e par Nicoletta Diasio, professeure de sociologie et d\u2019anthropologie \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20.17_CORPS_SURVEILLANCE_SR_VF<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
20.17_CORPS_SURVEILLANCE_RR_VF<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais

For a decade in France, body scanners and behavioural analysis programs have gradually been added to the range of techniques and technologies designed to protect airports against malicious acts. Used together, these two measures make it both possible to meet the need to \u00ab\u00a0screen\u00a0\u00bb passengers and to individualize surveillance according to the risk level of each traveler. Based on the analysis of written sources (gray, technical, legal, institutional literature, etc.) and semi-structured interviews conducted with key actors (companies, institutions, NGOs, etc.), this research explores the legal and social issues raised by the introduction of these two techniques as tools to fight terrorism. The first part of the report presents the context and the main technical characteristics of full body scanners and the French behavioural analysis program (\u00c9valuation du comportement des personnes). The second part examines the legal framework for body scanners in France and Europe by contextualizing it within the body of regulations governing preventive body searches. It discusses the fundamental rights and freedoms potentially affected by the use of these technologies and proposes an analysis of the choices made by the European Commission and the French legislator to balance the security requirements and public freedoms in this respect. The third and last part of the study reviews the theoretical foundations of the French behavioural analysis program. It highlights the criticisms and opposition that have been expressed against behavioural analysis tools in Europe and the United States and discusses the various issues raised by the use of these techniques in airports, particularly from the point of view of professionals and institutional players in the sector. By focusing on the legal, technical, scientific, institutional and social dimensions of these devices, the research underlines the tensions that can arise from the confrontation of these different fields of action, marked respectively by specific interests and injunctions. It also discuss contemporary developments in surveillance, such as the privatization of security missions and the automatization of controls. This study is the continuation of a collective project supported by the German Gerda Henkel Foundation and directed by Emmanuel Droit, Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Strasbourg. It is also based on researches carried out as part of Manon Beaucourt’s doctoral thesis in sociology and supervised by Nicoletta Diasio, Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Strasbourg.
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