{"id":7897,"date":"2023-06-05T16:01:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T14:01:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/?post_type=publications&p=7897"},"modified":"2026-04-27T11:46:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T09:46:15","slug":"performance-conciliation-civile","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/institutrobertbadinter.fr\/fr\/publications\/performance-conciliation-civile\/","title":{"rendered":"Production et performance de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de conciliation civile en France : approches quantitatives, qualitatives et exp\u00e9rimentales"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En \u00e9cho au rapport sur les modes alternatifs de r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends (MARD) de l\u2019Inspection g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la justice (IGJ), la recherche \u00ab Production et performance de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de conciliation civile en France (2-PAC) \u00bb enrichit la connaissance de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de conciliation civile en France. Son originalit\u00e9 est de s\u2019appuyer sur des m\u00e9thodologies quantitatives, qualitatives et exp\u00e9rimentales, en compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9, alors qu\u2019elles sont usuellement mobilis\u00e9es distinctement dans les analyses portant sur l\u2019activit\u00e9 judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La recherche 2-PAC a atteint trois objectifs :
– d\u00e9crire finement l\u2019activit\u00e9 de conciliation, sur la base de l\u2019analyse des donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Enqu\u00eate Conciliateurs de la sous-direction de la statistiques et des \u00e9tudes (SDSE-SG) du minist\u00e8re de la Justice sur une longue p\u00e9riode (2003-2019) et des discours de 25 conciliateurs et magistrats coordinateurs ;
– d\u00e9finir des indicateurs de performance de la conciliation civile, calcul\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de techniques dites d\u2019enveloppement des donn\u00e9es (data envelopment analysis) ;
– identifier les d\u00e9terminants de la performance des conciliations, par analyse \u00e9conom\u00e9trique des donn\u00e9es quantitatives, par analyse qualitative des discours et par une analyse exp\u00e9rimentale portant sur la simulation de r\u00e9solution de conflits aupr\u00e8s de 414 individus.

La recherche 2-PAC aboutit \u00e0 plusieurs r\u00e9sultats. En premier lieu, on observe un essor consid\u00e9rable de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de conciliation depuis 2010, avec une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00e0 partir de 2016, sous l\u2019impulsion de la Loi de modernisation de la justice rendant obligatoire la conciliation pr\u00e9alable au proc\u00e8s. La proc\u00e9dure extra-judiciaire dans 90 % des cas, semble avoir progressivement gagn\u00e9 en efficacit\u00e9, ce qui s\u2019appr\u00e9cie notamment par la d\u00e9croissance des saisies non-fond\u00e9es. En ce qui concerne le profil socio\u00e9conomique des conciliateurs, la population est essentiellement et assez stablement compos\u00e9e d\u2019hommes cadres retrait\u00e9s, mais elle tend progressivement \u00e0 se f\u00e9miniser.

L\u2019analyse de la performance met en lumi\u00e8re les r\u00f4les positifs jou\u00e9s par l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et la profession des conciliateurs et identifie le savoir-\u00eatre attendu, en particulier des qualit\u00e9s requises d\u2019\u00e9coute, d\u2019empathie et de discernement, mais aussi des comp\u00e9tences dans la n\u00e9gociation et le management. La situation des tribunaux, notamment la dur\u00e9e des affaires et le degr\u00e9 d\u2019int\u00e9gration de la conciliation dans le circuit judiciaire, \u00e9valu\u00e9 par le nombre de conciliations assur\u00e9es par les juges d\u2019instance et la part des conciliations d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9es, ont des effets notables.

L\u2019analyse du d\u00e9roulement des conciliations indique que la dur\u00e9e est d\u00e9terminante et que le nombre optimal d\u2019audiences de conciliation est compris entre 2 et 3 par affaire extra-judiciaire. Le s\u00e9quen\u00e7age et la strat\u00e9gie des conciliateurs, mais aussi leurs besoins en vue de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration du dispositif sont explicit\u00e9s. Des traits de personnalit\u00e9 des conciliateurs et des justiciables, en particulier leur degr\u00e9 d\u2019altruisme et d\u2019aversion aux in\u00e9galit\u00e9s influent sur la probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019un accord de conciliation et sur ses termes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20.15_synth\u00e8se<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
20.15_rapport<\/a>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Interview des chercheurs ICI<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

English version below \/ R\u00e9sum\u00e9 en anglais <\/summary>\n

The \u00ab\u00a0Performance and Efficiency of Conciliation Activities in France (2-PAC)\u00a0\u00bb research echoes the report on the ADR released by the Inspection G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Justice (2015). The purpose of the research is to describe and to deepen the understanding of the French civil conciliation procedure. The distinctive feature of 2-PAC is to combine quantitative, qualitative and experimental designs of research to reach three main targets: – Providing fined-grained analysis of the conciliation activity grounded on both the quantitative analysis of the \u201cEnqu\u00eate Conciliateurs\u201d (2003-2019) disclosed by the ministry of Justice and the qualitative analysis of 25 interviews of conciliators and coordinator magistrates; – Providing data envelopment analysis based performance indicators of the French civil conciliation; – Identifying the determinants of the performance of conciliation through an econometric analysis of judicial activity data, a qualitative analysis of conciliators and magistrates\u2019 speeches, and experimental analysis. The latter focuses on the resolution of simulated conflicts with 414 participants. The main results of 2-PAC provide evidence of the growth of conciliation activity within the French judicial system since 2010. This growth has been fostered by the mandatory pre-trial conciliation imposed in 2016 by the Law of Modernization of Justice. This procedure, which is extra-judicial in 90% of the cases, improved its functioning with the reduction of unfounded referrals. Regarding the social characteristics of the conciliators, we note that the profession is mainly composed of retired male executives. This structure has remained relatively stable over the 2003-2019 period, despite a recent feminization of the profession. The analysis of the determinants of the performance of conciliation indicates that the conciliators\u2019 experience and occupations matter. We identify the desirable qualities for conciliators: attention, empathy and discernment. Skills in negotiation and management are also expected. The institutional context also matters. The congestion of tribunals measured by the average delays of cases and the proportion of cases delegated by the judges or delivered by the judges have positive effects on performance. We provide evidence that the duration of the conciliation is a key determinant of its success. Quantitative and qualitative analyses both confirm that the optimal number of hearings is between 2 and 3 for extra-judicial conciliations. The way the conciliators organise the hearings, their strategies, and their points of view on the improvement of the procedure are detailed in the report. The role of personality traits of the conciliators and the litigants, especially altruism and inequality aversion, affect the likelihood of success of the conciliations and the
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